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Infection and Immunity, April 2002, p. 1971-1983, Vol. 70, No. 4
0019-9567/02/$04.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/IAI.70.4.1971-1983.2002
Copyright © 2002, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Influence of Recombination and Niche Separation on the Population Genetic Structure of the Pathogen Streptococcus pyogenes

Awdhesh Kalia,1 Brian G. Spratt,2 Mark C. Enright,3 and Debra E. Bessen1*

Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520,1 Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College School of Medicine, University of London, London W2 1PG,2 Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom3

Received 20 September 2001/ Returned for modification 28 December 2001/ Accepted 7 January 2002

The throat and skin of the human host are the principal reservoirs for the bacterial pathogen Streptococcus pyogenes. The emm locus encodes structurally heterogeneous surface fibrils that play numerous roles in virulence, depending on the strain. Isolates harboring the emm pattern A-C marker exhibit a strong tendency to cause throat infection, whereas emm pattern D strains are usually recovered from impetigo lesions; as a group, emm pattern E organisms fail to display obvious tissue tropisms. The peak incidence for streptococcal pharyngitis and impetigo varies with season and locale, leading to wide spatial and temporal distances between throat and skin strains. To assess any impact of niche separation on genetic variation, the extent of recombinational exchange between emm pattern A-C, D, and E subpopulations was evaluated. Analysis of nucleotide sequence data for internal portions of seven housekeeping loci from 212 isolates provides evidence of extensive recombination between strains belonging to different emm pattern subpopulations. Furthermore, no fixed nucleotide differences were found between emm pattern A-C and D strains. Thus, despite some niche separation created by distinct epidemiological trends and innate tissue tropisms there is little evidence for neutral gene divergence between throat and skin strains. Maintenance of a relationship between emm pattern and tissue tropism in the face of underlying recombination suggests that tissue tropism is associated with emm or a closely linked gene.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Osborn Memorial Laboratories, Yale University, 165 Prospect St., Box 208106, New Haven, CT 06520-8106. Phone: (203) 785-4480. Fax: (203) 737-4285. E-mail: debra.bessen{at}yale.edu.

Editor: E. I. Tuomanen

Infection and Immunity, April 2002, p. 1971-1983, Vol. 70, No. 4
0019-9567/02/$04.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/IAI.70.4.1971-1983.2002
Copyright © 2002, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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