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Infection and Immunity, April 2002, p. 2065-2069, Vol. 70, No. 4
0019-9567/02/$04.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/IAI.70.4.2065-2069.2002
Copyright © 2002, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Stachylysin May Be a Cause of Hemorrhaging in Humans Exposed to Stachybotrys chartarum

Stephen J. Vesper1* and Mary Jo Vesper2

National Exposure Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268,1 Department of Biology, University of Dayton, Dayton, Ohio 454692

Received 7 May 2001/ Returned for modification 7 September 2001/ Accepted 18 December 2001

Stachybotrys chartarum is a toxigenic fungus that has been associated with human health concerns such as nasal bleeding in adults and pulmonary hemosiderosis (PH) in infants. Seven of eight strains of S. chartarum isolated from homes of infants with PH in Cleveland, Ohio, and the strain from the lung of an infant with PH in Texas produced stachylysin in tryptic soy broth (TSB), whereas only one out of eight strains isolated from control homes produced stachylysin. However, all strains produced stachylysin when grown on TSB with 0.7% sheep's blood. When stachylysin was injected into Lumbricus terrestis, the erythrocruorin hemoglobin (absorbance peaks at 280 and 415 nm) was released, resulting in a lethal effect. These results support the hypothesis that stachylysin may be one agent responsible for hemorrhaging in humans.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: U.S. EPA, 26 W. M. L. King Dr., M.L. 314, Cincinnati, OH 45268. Phone: (513) 569-7367. Fax: (513) 487-2512. E-mail: Vesper.Stephen{at}EPA.gov.

Infection and Immunity, April 2002, p. 2065-2069, Vol. 70, No. 4
0019-9567/02/$04.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/IAI.70.4.2065-2069.2002
Copyright © 2002, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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