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Infection and Immunity, April 2002, p. 2108-2120, Vol. 70, No. 4
0019-9567/02/$04.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/IAI.70.4.2108-2120.2002
Copyright © 2002, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Specific Entry of Helicobacter pylori into Cultured Gastric Epithelial Cells via a Zipper-Like Mechanism

Terry Kwok,1 Steffen Backert,2 Heinz Schwarz,3 Jürgen Berger,3 and Thomas F. Meyer1,2*

Abteilung Infektionsbiologie, Max-Planck-Institut für Biologie,1 Max-Planck-Institut für Entwicklungsbiologie, D-72076 Tübingen,3 Abteilung Molekulare Biologie, Max-Planck-Institut für Infektionsbiologie, D-10117 Berlin, Germany2

Received 13 August 2001/ Returned for modification 16 October 2001/ Accepted 28 December 2001

Although Helicobacter pylori has generally been considered an extracellular pathogen, a number of in vitro infection experiments and biopsy examinations have shown that it is capable of occasionally entering mammalian host cells. Here, we characterized this entry process by using AGS cells as a host cell model. In gentamicin protection-invasion assays, the number of H. pylori colonies recovered was lower than that for Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium X22, Escherichia coli expressing InvA, and Yersinia enterocolitica YO:9 grown at 25°C but higher than that for Neisseria gonorrhoeae VP1 and Y. enterocolitica YO:9 grown at 37°C. At the ultrastructural level, the entry process was observed to occur via a zipper-like mechanism. Internalized H. pylori was bound in tight LAMP-1-containing vacuoles in close association with condensed filamentous actin and tyrosine phosphorylation signals. Wortmannin, a potent inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, and calphostin C, an inhibitor of protein kinase C, both inhibited the entry of H. pylori in a sensitive and dose-dependent manner; however, the level of entry was enhanced by sodium vanadate, an inhibitor of tyrosine phosphatases and ATPases. Furthermore, the cytokine tumor necrosis factor alpha antagonized the entry of H. pylori into AGS cells. Collectively, these results demonstrate that the entry of H. pylori into AGS cells occurs via a zipper-like mechanism which involves various host signal transduction events.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Max-Planck-Institut für Infektionsbiologie, Abteilung Molekulare Biologie, Schumannstr. 20/21, D-10117 Berlin, Germany. Phone: 49 30 284 69 400. Fax: 49 30 284 60 401. E-mail: meyer{at}mpiib-berlin.mpg.de.

Editor: E. I. Tuomanen

Infection and Immunity, April 2002, p. 2108-2120, Vol. 70, No. 4
0019-9567/02/$04.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/IAI.70.4.2108-2120.2002
Copyright © 2002, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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