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Infection and Immunity, January 2003, p. 101-108, Vol. 71, No. 1
0019-9567/03/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/IAI.71.1.101-108.2003
Copyright © 2003, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Oral Delivery of Mycobacterium bovis BCG in a Lipid Formulation Induces Resistance to Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Mice

Frank E. Aldwell,1* Ian G. Tucker,2 Geoffrey W. de Lisle,3 and Bryce M. Buddle3

Department of Microbiology,1 School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, Dunedin,2 AgResearch Wallaceville, Upper Hutt, New Zealand3

Received 15 July 2002/ Returned for modification 24 August 2002/ Accepted 15 October 2002

A lipid-based formulation has been developed for oral delivery of Mycobacterium bovis bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine. The formulated M. bovis BCG was fed to BALB/c mice to test for immune responses and protection against M. bovis infection. The immune responses included antigen-specific cytokine responses, spleen cell proliferation, and lymphocyte-mediated macrophage inhibition of M. bovis. Oral delivery of formulated M. bovis BCG to mice induced strong splenic gamma interferon levels and macrophage inhibition of virulent M. bovis compared with results with nonformulated M. bovis BCG. Formulated oral M. bovis BCG significantly reduced the bacterial burden in the spleen and lungs of mice following aerosol challenge with virulent M. bovis. Our data suggest that oral delivery of formulated M. bovis BCG is an effective means of inducing protective immune responses against tuberculosis. Lipid-based, orally delivered mycobacterial vaccines may be a safe and practical method of controlling tuberculosis in humans and animals.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Microbiology, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand. Phone: 64 34795931. Fax: 64 34778540. E-mail: frank.aldwell{at}stonebow.otago.ac.nz.

Editor: W. A. Petri, Jr.

Infection and Immunity, January 2003, p. 101-108, Vol. 71, No. 1
0019-9567/03/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/IAI.71.1.101-108.2003
Copyright © 2003, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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