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Identification of Substrates and Chaperone from the Yersinia enterocolitica 1B Ysa Type III Secretion System

Microbial Pathogenesis Unit,¹ Hormone and Metabolic Research Unit, Christian de Duve Institute of Cellular PathologyFaculté de Médecine, Université Catholique de Louvain, B1200 Brussels, Belgium,³ Biozentrum der Universität Basel, CH 4056 Basel, Switzerland,² Unité de Pathogénie Microbienne Moléculaire, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris, France⁴

Received 11 June 2002/ Returned for modification 31 July 2002/ Accepted 23 October 2002

All pathogenic Yersinia enterocolitica strains carry the pYV plasmid encoding the Ysc-Yop type III secretion (TTS) system, which operates at 37°C. In addition, biovar 1B Y. enterocolitica strains possess a second, chromosomally encoded, TTS system called Ysa, which operates, at least in vitro, under low-temperature and high-salt (LTHS) conditions. Six open reading frames, sycB, yspB, yspC, yspD, yspA, and acpY, neighbor the ysa genes encoding the Ysa TTS apparatus. Here we show that YspA, YspB, YspC, and YspD are secreted by the Ysa TTS system under LTHS conditions. SycB is a chaperone for YspB and YspC and stabilizes YspB. YspB, YspC, and SycB share some similarity with TTS substrates and the chaperone encoded by the Mxi-Spa locus of Shigella flexneri and SPI-1 of Salmonella enterica. In addition, Ysa also secretes the pYV-encoded YopE under LTHS conditions, indicating that YopE is a potential effector of both Y. enterocolitica TTS systems. YspC could also be secreted by S. flexneri, but no functional complementation of ipaC was observed, which indicates that despite their similarity the Ysa and the Mxi-Spa systems are not interchangeable. When expressed from the yopE promoter, YspB and YspC could also be secreted via the Ysc injectisome. However, they could not form detectable pores in eukaryotic target cells and could not substitute for YopB and YopD for translocation of Yop effectors.

Editor: B. B. Finlay

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