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Infection and Immunity, January 2003, p. 86-94, Vol. 71, No. 1
0019-9567/03/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/IAI.71.1.86-94.2003
Copyright © 2003, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Role of Bordetella O Antigen in Respiratory Tract Infection

Valorie C. Burns,1 Elizabeth J. Pishko,1 Andrew Preston,2 Duncan J. Maskell,2 and Eric T. Harvill1*

Department of Veterinary Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania,1 Centre for Veterinary Science, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 OES, United Kingdom2

Received 3 July 2002/ Returned for modification 27 August 2002/ Accepted 16 October 2002

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), as the major surface molecule of gram-negative bacteria, interacts with the host in complex ways, both inducing and protecting against aspects of inflammatory and adaptive immunity. The membrane-distal repeated carbohydrate structure of LPS, the O antigen, can prevent antibody functions and may vary as a mechanism of immune evasion. Genes of the wbm locus are required for the assembly of O antigen on the animal pathogen Bordetella bronchiseptica and the human pathogen B. parapertussis. However, the important human pathogen B. pertussis lacks these genes and a number of in vitro and in vivo characteristics associated with O antigen in other organisms. To determine the specific functions of O antigen in these closely related Bordetella subspecies, we compared wbm deletion ({Delta}wbm) mutants of B. bronchiseptica and B. parapertussis in a variety of assays relevant to natural respiratory tract infection. Complement was not activated or depleted by wild-type bordetellae expressing O antigen, but both {Delta}wbm mutants activated complement and were highly sensitive to complement-mediated killing in vitro. Although the O-antigen structures appear to be substantially similar, the two mutants differed strikingly in their defects within the respiratory tract. The B. parapertussis {Delta}wbm mutant was severely defective in colonization of the tracheas and lungs of mice, while the B. bronchiseptica {Delta}wbm mutant showed almost no defect. While in vitro characteristics such as serum resistance may be attributable to O antigen directly, the role of O antigen during infection appears to be more complex, possibly involving factors differing among the closely related bordetellae or different interactions between each one and its host.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Veterinary Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802. Phone: (814) 863-8522. Fax: (814) 863-6140. E-mail: eth10{at}psu.edu.

Editor: D. L. Burns

Infection and Immunity, January 2003, p. 86-94, Vol. 71, No. 1
0019-9567/03/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/IAI.71.1.86-94.2003
Copyright © 2003, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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