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Infection and Immunity, March 2003, p. 1442-1452, Vol. 71, No. 3
0019-9567/03/$08.00+0 DOI: 10.1128/IAI.71.3.1442-1452.2003
Copyright © 2003, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.
B Signaling Pathway and
B cis-Regulatory Elements on the IRF-1 and iNOS Promoter Regions in Mycobacterial Lipoarabinomannan Induction of Nitric Oxide
Department of Medicine,1 Program in Cell Biology, National Jewish MedicalResearch Center,3 Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center,4 Denver Veterans Administration Medical Center, Denver, Colorado,5 Division of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas-Houston Health Science Center, Houston, Texas 770302
Received 2 August 2002/ Returned for modification 12 September 2002/ Accepted 31 October 2002
Nitric oxide (NO·) produced by inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) is an important host defense molecule against Mycobacterium tuberculosis in mononuclear phagocytes. The objective of this study was to determine the role of the I
B
kinase-nuclear factor
B (IKK-NF-
B) signaling pathway in the induction of iNOS and NO· by a mycobacterial cell wall lipoglycan known as mannose-capped lipoarabinomannan (ManLAM) in mouse macrophages costimulated with gamma interferon (IFN-
). NF-
B was activated by ManLAM as shown by electrophoretic mobility shift assay, by immunofluorescence of translocated NF-
B in intact cells, and by a reporter gene driven by four NF-
B-binding elements. Transduction of an I
B
mutant (Ser32/36Ala) significantly inhibited NO· expression induced by IFN-
plus ManLAM. An activated SCF complex, a heterotetramer (Skp1, Cul-1, ß-TrCP [F-box protein], and ROC1) involved with ubiquitination, is also required for iNOS-NO· induction. Two NF-
B-binding sites (
BI and
BII) present on the 5'-flanking region of the iNOS promoter bound ManLAM-induced NF-
B similarly. By use of reporter constructs in which one or both sites are mutated, both NF-
B-binding positions were essential in iNOS induction by IFN-
plus ManLAM. IFN-
-induced activation of the IRF-1 transcriptional complex is a necessary component in host defense against tuberculosis. Although the 5'-flanking region of the IRF-1 promoter contains an NF-
B-binding site and ManLAM-induced NF-
B also binds to this site, ManLAM was unable to induce IRF-1 expression. The influence of mitogen-activated protein kinases on IFN-
plus ManLAM induction of iNOS-NO· is not due to any effects on ManLAM induction of NF-
B.
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