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Infection and Immunity, April 2003, p. 1689-1705, Vol. 71, No. 4
0019-9567/03/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/IAI.71.4.1689-1705.2003
Copyright © 2003, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Profiling of Temperature-Induced Changes in Borrelia burgdorferi Gene Expression by Using Whole Genome Arrays

Caroline Ojaimi,1 Chad Brooks,2 Sherwood Casjens,3 Patricia Rosa,4 Abdallah Elias,4 Alan Barbour,5 Algis Jasinskas,5 Jorge Benach,6 Laura Katona,6 Justin Radolf,7,8 Melissa Caimano,7,9 Jon Skare,10 Kristen Swingle,10 Darrin Akins,2* and Ira Schwartz1*

Department of Microbiology and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla,1 Center for Infectious Diseases, State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York,6 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma,2 Department of Pathology, University of Utah Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah,3 Laboratory of Human Bacterial Pathogenesis, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana,4 Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Irvine, California,5 Center for Microbial Pathogenesis,7 Departments of Medicine and Genetics and Developmental Biology,8 Pathology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut,9 Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Texas A & M University Health Science Center, College Station, Texas,10

Received 18 October 2002/ Returned for modification 4 December 2002/ Accepted 30 December 2002

Borrelia burgdorferi is the etiologic agent of Lyme disease, the most prevalent arthropod-borne disease in the United States. The genome of the type strain, B31, consists of a 910,725-bp linear chromosome and 21 linear and circular plasmids comprising 610,694 bp. During its life cycle, the spirochete exists in distinctly different environments, cycling between a tick vector and a mammalian host. Temperature is one environmental factor known to affect B. burgdorferi gene expression. To identify temperature-responsive genes, genome arrays containing 1,662 putative B. burgdorferi open reading frames (ORFs) were prepared on nylon membranes and employed to assess gene expression in B. burgdorferi B31 grown at 23 and 35°C. Differences in expression of more than 3.5 orders of magnitude could be readily discerned and quantitated. At least minimal expression from 91% of the arrayed ORFs could be detected. A total of 215 ORFs were differentially expressed at the two temperatures; 133 were expressed at significantly greater levels at 35°C, and 82 were more significantly expressed at 23°C. Of these 215 ORFs, 134 are characterized as genes of unknown function. One hundred thirty-six (63%) of the differentially expressed genes are plasmid encoded. Of particular interest is plasmid lp54 which contains 76 annotated putative genes; 31 of these exhibit temperature-regulated expression. These findings underscore the important role plasmid-encoded genes may play in adjustment of B. burgdorferi to growth under diverse environmental conditions.

* Corresponding authors. Mailing address for Darrin Akins: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104. Phone: (405) 271-8668. Fax: (405) 271-3117. E-mail: darrin-akins{at}ouhsc.edu.

* Corresponding authors. Mailing address for Ira Schwartz: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595. Phone: (914) 594-4658. Fax: (914) 594-4176. E-mail: Schwartz{at}nymc.edu.

Editor: J. T. Barbieri

Infection and Immunity, April 2003, p. 1689-1705, Vol. 71, No. 4
0019-9567/03/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/IAI.71.4.1689-1705.2003
Copyright © 2003, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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