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Infection and Immunity, April 2003, p. 1872-1879, Vol. 71, No. 4
0019-9567/03/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/IAI.71.4.1872-1879.2003
Copyright © 2003, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Novel Virulence-Associated Type II Secretion System Unique to High-Pathogenicity Yersinia enterocolitica

A. Iwobi,1 J. Heesemann,1 E. Garcia,2 E. Igwe,1 C. Noelting,1 and A. Rakin1*

Max von Pettenkofer-Institut, für Hygiene und Medizinische Mikrobiologie, 80336 Munich, Germany ,1 Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 945502

Received 21 August 2002/ Returned for modification 17 October 2002/ Accepted 16 December 2002

Yersinia enterocolitica strains comprise an important group of bacterial enteropathogens that cause a broad range of gastrointestinal syndromes. Three groups are distinguishable within this bacterial species, namely, the nonpathogenic group (biotype 1A strains), the low-pathogenicity, non-mouse-lethal group (biotypes 2 to 5), and the high-pathogenicity, mouse-lethal group (biotype 1B). To date, the presence of the high-pathogenicity island (HPI), a chromosomal locus that encodes the yersiniabactin system (involved in iron uptake), defines essentially the difference between low-pathogenicity and high-pathogenicity Y. enterocolitica strains, with the low-pathogenicity strains lacking the HPI. Using the powerful tool of representational difference analysis between the nonpathogenic 1A strain, NF-O, and its high-pathogenicity 1B counterpart, WA-314, we have identified a novel type II secretion gene cluster (yts1C-S) occurring exclusively in the high-pathogenicity group. The encoded secreton, designated Yts1 (for Yersinia type II secretion 1) was shown to be important for virulence in mice. A close examination of the almost completed genome sequence of another high-pathogenicity representative, Y. enterocolitica 8081, revealed a second putative type II secretion cluster uniformly distributed among all Y. enterocolitica isolates. This putative species-specific cluster (designated yts2) differed significantly from yts1, while resembling more closely the putative type II cluster present on the genome of Y. pestis. The Yts1 secreton thus appears to have been additionally acquired by the high-pathogenicity assemblage for a virulence-associated function.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Max von Pettenkofer-Institut für Hygiene und Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Pettenkoferstrasse 9a, 80336 Munich, Germany. Phone: 49-89-5160-5275. Fax: 49-89-5160-5223. E-mail: rakin{at}m3401.mpk.med.uni-muenchen.de.

Editor: B. B. Finlay

Infection and Immunity, April 2003, p. 1872-1879, Vol. 71, No. 4
0019-9567/03/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/IAI.71.4.1872-1879.2003
Copyright © 2003, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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