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Infection and Immunity, April 2003, p. 2120-2129, Vol. 71, No. 4
0019-9567/03/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/IAI.71.4.2120-2129.2003
Copyright © 2003, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Flagellin of Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli Stimulates Interleukin-8 Production in T84 Cells

Xin Zhou,1 Jorge A. Girón,1,2 Alfredo G. Torres,1 J. Adam Crawford,1 Erasmo Negrete,2 Stefanie N. Vogel,1 and James B. Kaper1*

Center for Vaccine Development and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201,1 Instituto de Ciencias, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México2

Received 19 August 2002/ Returned for modification 30 September 2002/ Accepted 27 January 2003

The type III secretion system (TTSS) of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) has been associated with the ability of these bacteria to induce secretion of proinflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-8 (IL-8), in cultured epithelial cells. However, the identity of the effector molecule directly involved in this event is unknown. In this study, we determined that the native flagellar filament and its flagellin monomer are activators of IL-8 release in T84 epithelial cells. Supernatants of wild-type EPEC strain E2348/69 and its isogenic mutants deficient in TTSS (escN) and in production of intimin (eae), grown in Luria-Bertani broth, elicited similar amounts of IL-8 secretion by T84 cells. In contrast, supernatants of EPEC fliC mutants and of B171, a nonflagellated EPEC strain, were defective in inducing IL-8 release, a phenotype that was largely restored by complementation of the fliC gene in the mutant lacking flagella. Purified flagella from E. coli K-12, EPEC serotypes H6 and H34, and enterohemorrhagic E. coli serotype H7 all induced IL-8 release in T84 cells. Induction of IL-8 by purified flagella or His-tagged FliC from EPEC strain E2348/69 was dose dependent and was blocked by a polyclonal anti-H6 antibody. Finally, the mitogen-activated protein kinases (Erk1 and -2 and Jnk) were phosphorylated in flagellin-treated T84 cells, and inhibition of the p38 and Erk pathways significantly decreased the IL-8 response induced by EPEC flagellin. Our data clearly indicate that FliC of EPEC is sufficient to induce IL-8 release in T84 cells and that activation of the Erk and p38 pathways is required for IL-8 induction.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Center for Vaccine Development, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201. Phone: (410) 706-2344. Fax: (410) 706-0182. E-mail: jkaper{at}umaryland.edu.

Editor: A. D. O'Brien

Infection and Immunity, April 2003, p. 2120-2129, Vol. 71, No. 4
0019-9567/03/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/IAI.71.4.2120-2129.2003
Copyright © 2003, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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