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Infection and Immunity, May 2003, p. 2665-2673, Vol. 71, No. 5
0019-9567/03/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/IAI.71.5.2665-2673.2003
Copyright © 2003, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Apoptotic Response of Chang Cells to Infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa Strains PAK and PAO-I: Molecular Ordering of the Apoptosis Signaling Cascade and Role of Type IV Pili

Verena Jendrossek,1* Sophie Fillon,1 Claus Belka,2 Ilka Müller,1 Beatrice Puttkammer,1 and Florian Lang1

Department of Physiology,1 Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany2

Received 24 July 2002/ Returned for modification 26 September 2002/ Accepted 16 January 2003

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a gram-negative facultative opportunistic pathogen associated with severe infections in immunocompromised hosts and in patients with cystic fibrosis. P. aeruginosa strains show divergent pathogenicity in vivo and trigger apoptosis of and/or are internalized into human host cells. In the present study, we studied the molecular ordering of apoptosis signaling upon infection of human conjunctiva epithelial Chang cells with P. aeruginosa PAK as well as the role of bacterial pili in the response to the infection. Our results show that CD95 up-regulation is followed by early activation of caspase-8 and -3 and cleavage of the caspase-3 substrate poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase. The data also demonstrate release of apoptosis inducing factor into the cytosol of infected cells. Induction of mitochondrial alterations, i.e., mitochondrial depolarization and release of cytochrome c, as well as cleavage of caspase-9, -7, and -1 occurred only at later time points. In addition, our results demonstrate that pili are required for P. aeruginosa-induced apoptosis of human epithelial cells. While the two piliated P. aeruginosa strains, PAO-I and PAK, induced apoptosis of Chang cells within 3 h of infection, the pilus-deficient P. aeruginosa mutants PAK{Delta}pilA and PAK{Delta}pilA{Delta}all were without effect. The pilus-deficient mutants failed to induce a significant up-regulation of CD95 on the cell surface and to trigger mitochondrial alterations or activation of caspase-8, -3, and -7. In addition, only the piliated wild-type strains induced caspase-1-mediated activation of interleukin-1ß. Thus, pili are necessary for distinct infection-induced cellular responses of human epithelial cells.

* Corresponding author. Present address: Dept. of Radiation Oncology, University of Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Strasse 3, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany. Phone: 49-7071-2985961. Fax: 49-7071-294944. E-mail: verena.jendrossek{at}uni-tuebingen.de.

Editor: V. J. DiRita

Infection and Immunity, May 2003, p. 2665-2673, Vol. 71, No. 5
0019-9567/03/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/IAI.71.5.2665-2673.2003
Copyright © 2003, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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