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Infection and Immunity, June 2003, p. 3272-3279, Vol. 71, No. 6
0019-9567/03/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/IAI.71.6.3272-3279.2003
Copyright © 2003, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Neospora caninum-Infected Cattle Develop Parasite-Specific CD4⁺ Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes

Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164,¹ Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois 61801²

Received 20 December 2002/ Returned for modification 30 January 2003/ Accepted 12 March 2003

Cattle infected with Neospora caninum readily experience transplacental parasite transmission, presumably after maternal parasitemia, leading to abortion or birth of congenitally infected calves. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) are important mediators of protective immunity against Toxoplasma gondii, an intracellular apicomplexan protozoan closely related to N. caninum. In this study, N. caninum-specific CTL expanded from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of two major histocompatibility complex-mismatched, experimentally infected cattle were identified by using a ⁵¹Cr release cytotoxicity assay. Enrichment and blocking of CD4⁺- and CD8⁺-T-lymphocyte effector subsets indicated that CD4⁺ CTL killed N. caninum-infected, autologous target cells and that killing was mediated through a perforin/granzyme pathway. Detection and characterization of CTL responses to N. caninum in the natural, outbred, bovine host will facilitate identification of immunogens and design of immunization strategies to induce parasite-specific CTL against transplacental N. caninum transmission in cattle.

Editor: W. A. Petri, Jr.

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