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Infection and Immunity, October 2004, p. 6076-6086, Vol. 72, No. 10
0019-9567/04/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/IAI.72.10.6076-6086.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Expression Profiling Reveals Novel Innate and Inflammatory Responses in the Jejunal Epithelial Compartment during Infection with Trichinella spiralis

Division of Veterinary Clinical Studies, University of Edinburgh, Roslin, Midlothian,¹ Scottish Centre for Genomic Technology and Informatics, University of Edinburgh College of Medicine, Edinburgh, United Kingdom²

Received 7 November 2003/ Returned for modification 1 January 2004/ Accepted 12 July 2004

Infection with intestinal nematodes induces profound pathological changes to the gut that are associated with eventual parasite expulsion. We have applied expression profiling as an initial screening process with oligonucleotide microarrays (Affymetrix MG-U74AV2 gene chips) and time course kinetics to investigate gene transcription triggered by the intraepithelial nematode Trichinella spiralis in jejunal epithelium from BALB/c mice. Of the 4,114 genes detected, 2,617 were present in all uninfected and T. spiralis-infected replicates, 8% of which were notably upregulated, whereas 12% were downregulated at the time of worm expulsion (day 14 postinfection). Upregulation of goblet cell mucin gene transcripts intestinal mucin gene 3 (MUC3), calcium chloride channel 5 (CLCA5), and goblet cell gene 4 (GOB4) is consistent with enhanced production and alteration of mucus, whereas a 60- to 70-fold upregulation of transcripts for mast cell proteases 1 and 2 (MCPT-1 and -2) is consistent with intraepithelial mucosal mast cell recruitment. Importantly, there was novel expression of sialyltransferase 4C (SIAT4C), small proline-rich protein 2A (SPRR2A), and resistin-like molecule ß (RELMß) on day 14 postinfection. In contrast, DNase I and regenerating protein 3 (REG3) transcripts were substantially downregulated. Time course analyses revealed early (within 48 h of infection) induction of Siat4c, Sprr2A, and Relmß and later (within 120 h) induction of Mcpt-1 and -2. The findings demonstrate early innate responses and later inflammatory changes within the epithelium. The early epithelial responses may be associated both with repair (Sprr2A) and with the development of innate immunity (Siat4c and Relmß).

Editor: J. F. Urban, Jr.

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