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Infection and Immunity, November 2004, p. 6408-6417, Vol. 72, No. 11
0019-9567/04/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/IAI.72.11.6408-6417.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Gonococcal Porin IB Activates NF-{kappa}B in Human Urethral Epithelium and Increases the Expression of Host Antiapoptotic Factors

Matthew J. Binnicker,1 Richard D. Williams,2 and Michael A. Apicella1*

Department of Microbiology,1 Department of Urology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa2

Received 5 April 2004/ Returned for modification 11 May 2004/ Accepted 28 July 2004

Infection of human urethral epithelial cells (UECs) with Neisseria gonorrhoeae increases the transcription of several host antiapoptotic genes, including bfl-1, cox-2, and c-IAP-2. In order to identify the bacterial factor(s) responsible for eliciting these changes, the transcriptional status of apoptotic machinery was monitored in UECs challenged with certain gonococcal membrane components. Initially, we observed that infection of UECs with gentamicin-killed gonococci increased the expression of the antiapoptotic Bcl-2 family member, bfl-1. This observation indicated that viable, replicating bacteria are not required for induction of antiapoptotic gene expression. Confirming this observation, treatment of UECs with purified gonococcal membrane increased the expression of bfl-1, cox-2, and c-IAP-2. This finding suggested that a factor or multiple factors present in the outer membrane (OM) are responsible for altering UEC antiapoptotic gene expression. Interestingly, treatment of UECs with gonococcal porin IB (PorB IB), a major constituent of the OM, significantly increased the transcription of bfl-1, cox-2, and c-IAP-2. The upregulation of these genes by PorB IB was determined to be dependent on NF-{kappa}B activation, as inhibiting NF-{kappa}B blocked induced expression of these genes. This work demonstrates the altered expression of host apoptotic factors in response to gonococcal PorB IB and supports a model whereby UEC cell death may be modulated as a potential mechanism of bacterial survival and proliferation.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Microbiology, University of Iowa, 51 Newton Rd., BSB 3-403, Iowa City, IA 52242. Phone: (319) 335-7807. Fax: (319) 335-9006. E-mail: michael-apicella{at}uiowa.edu.

Editor: J. T. Barbieri

Infection and Immunity, November 2004, p. 6408-6417, Vol. 72, No. 11
0019-9567/04/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/IAI.72.11.6408-6417.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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