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Infection and Immunity, July 2004, p. 4061-4071, Vol. 72, No. 7
0019-9567/04/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/IAI.72.7.4061-4071.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

egc-Encoded Superantigens from Staphylococcus aureus Are Neutralized by Human Sera Much Less Efficiently than Are Classical Staphylococcal Enterotoxins or Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin

Silva Holtfreter,1 Kristin Bauer,1 Damien Thomas,2 Christine Feig,1 Vera Lorenz,1 Katharina Roschack,1 Erika Friebe,1 Kathleen Selleng,1 Sandra Lövenich,3 Timm Greve,1,{dagger} Andreas Greinacher,1 Brigitte Panzig,4 Susanne Engelmann,3 Gérard Lina,2 and Barbara M. Bröker1*

Institut für Immunologie und Transfusionsmedizin,1 Institut für Mikrobiologie, Abteilung für Molekularbiologie,3 Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität, Greifswald, Germany,4 Centre National de Référence des Staphylocoques, INSERM E-0230, IFR62 Laennec, Lyon, France2

Received 9 December 2003/ Returned for modification 4 February 2004/ Accepted 12 March 2004

PCR was employed to determine the presence of all known superantigen genes (sea, seq, and tst) and of the exotoxin-like gene cluster (set) in 40 Staphylococcus aureus isolates from blood cultures and throat swabs; 28 isolates harbored superantigen genes, five on average, and this strictly correlated with their ability to stimulate T-cell proliferation. In contrast, the set gene cluster was detected in every S. aureus strain, suggesting a nonredundant function for these genes which is different from T-cell activation. No more than 10% of normal human serum samples inhibited the T-cell stimulation elicited by egc-encoded enterotoxins (staphylococcal enterotoxins G, I, M, N, and O), whereas between 32 and 86% neutralized the classical superantigens. Similarly, intravenous human immunoglobulin G preparations inhibited egc-encoded superantigens with 10- to 100-fold-reduced potency compared with the classical enterotoxins. Thus, there are surprisingly large gaps in the capacity of human serum samples to neutralize S. aureus superantigens.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Institut für Immunologie und Transfusionsmedizin, Universität Greifswald, Diagnostikzentrum Sauerbruchstrasse, D-17487 Greifswald, Germany. Phone: 49(3834)865595. Fax: 49(3834)865490. E-mail: broeker{at}uni-greifswald.de.

Editor: J. T. Barbieri

{dagger} Present address: Artus Biotech GmbH, D-20459 Hamburg, Germany.

Infection and Immunity, July 2004, p. 4061-4071, Vol. 72, No. 7
0019-9567/04/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/IAI.72.7.4061-4071.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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