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Infection and Immunity, September 2004, p. 5235-5246, Vol. 72, No. 9
0019-9567/04/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/IAI.72.9.5235-5246.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Activation of Dendritic Cells by Liposomes Prepared from Phosphatidylinositol Mannosides from Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus Calmette-Guérin and Adjuvant Activity In Vivo{dagger}

G. Dennis Sprott,* Chantal J. Dicaire, Komal Gurnani, Subash Sad, and Lakshmi Krishnan

Institute for Biological Sciences, National Research Council, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada

Received 13 April 2004/ Returned for modification 12 May 2004/ Accepted 27 May 2004

Liposome vesicles could be formed at 65°C from the chloroform-soluble, total polar lipids (TPL) extracted from Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG). Mice immunized with ovalbumin (OVA) entrapped in TPL liposomes produced both anti-OVA antibody and cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses. Murine bone marrow-derived dendritic cells were activated to secrete interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-12, and tumor necrosis factor upon exposure to antigen-free TPL liposomes. Three phosphoglycolipids and three phospholipids comprising 96% of TPL were identified as phosphatidylinositol dimannoside, palmitoyl-phosphatidylinositol dimannoside, dipalmitoyl-phosphatidylinositol dimannoside, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylethanolamine, and cardiolipin. The activation of dendritic cells by liposomes prepared from each purified lipid component of TPL was evaluated in vitro. A basal activity of phosphatidylinositol liposomes to activate proinflammatory cytokine production appeared to be attributable to the tuberculosteric fatty acyl 19:0 chain characteristic of mycobacterial glycerolipids, as similar lipids lacking tuberculosteric chains showed little activity. Phosphatidylinositol dimannoside was identified as the primary lipid that activated dendritic cells to produce amounts of proinflammatory cytokines several times higher than the basal level, indicating the importance of mannose residues. Although the activity of phosphatidylinositol dimannoside was little influenced by palmitoylation of mannose at C-6, a further palmitoylation at inositol C-3 diminished the induction levels of IL-6 and IL-12. Further, OVA entrapped in palmitoyl-phosphatidylinositol dimannoside liposomes was delivered to dendritic cells for major histocompatibility complex class I presentation more effectively than TPL OVA-liposomes. BCG liposomes containing mannose lipids caused up-regulation of costimulatory molecules and CD40. Thus, the inclusion of pure phosphatidylinositol mannosides of BCG in lipid vesicle vaccines represents a simple and efficient option for targeting antigen delivery and providing immune stimulation.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Institute for Biological Sciences, National Research Council, 100 Sussex Dr., Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada. Phone: (613) 998-7891. Fax: (613) 952-9092. E-mail: dennis.sprott{at}nrc-cnrc.gc.ca.

{dagger} This study is publication no. 42491 of the National Research Council of Canada.

Editor: D. L. Burns

Infection and Immunity, September 2004, p. 5235-5246, Vol. 72, No. 9
0019-9567/04/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/IAI.72.9.5235-5246.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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