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Infection and Immunity, September 2004, p. 5392-5401, Vol. 72, No. 9
0019-9567/04/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/IAI.72.9.5392-5401.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Neutrophil NADPH Oxidase Is Reduced at the Anaplasma phagocytophilum Phagosome

Jacob W. IJdo* and Angel C. Mueller

Inflammation Program, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Iowa, and Veterans Administration Medical Center, Iowa City, Iowa

Received 24 March 2004/ Returned for modification 19 April 2004/ Accepted 2 June 2004

The intracellular organism Anaplasma phagocytophilum causes human granulocytic ehrlichiosis and specifically infects and multiplies in neutrophilic granulocytes. Previous reports have suggested that, for its survival, this bacterium suppresses the neutrophil respiratory burst. To investigate the mechanism of survival, we first assessed the kinetics of A. phagocytophilum entry into neutrophils by using double-labeling confocal microscopy. At 30, 60, 120, and 240 min of incubation, 25, 50, 55, and 70% of neutrophils contained bacteria, respectively. The neutrophil respiratory burst in the presence of A. phagocytophilum was assessed by a kinetic cytochrome c assay and by measurement of oxygen consumption. Neutrophils in the presence of A. phagocytophilum did not produce a significant respiratory burst, but A. phagocytophilum did not inhibit the neutrophil respiratory burst when phorbol myristate acetate was added. Immunoelectron microscopy of neutrophils infected with A. phagocytophilum or Escherichia coli revealed that NADPH oxidase subunits gp91phox and p22phox were significantly reduced at the A. phagocytophilum phagosome after 1 and 4 h of incubation. In neutrophils incubated simultaneously with A. phagocytophilum and E. coli for 30, 60, and 90 min, gp91phox was present on 20, 14, and 10% of the A. phagocytophilum phagosomes, whereas p22phox was present in 11, 5, and 4% of the phagosomes, respectively. Similarly, on E. coli phagosomes, gp91phox was present in 62, 64, and 65%, whereas p22phox was detected in 54, 48, and 48%. We conclude that A. phagocytophilum does not suppress a global respiratory burst and that, under identical conditions in the same cells, A. phagocytophilum, but not E. coli, significantly reduces gp91phox and p22phox from its phagosome membrane.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Division of Rheumatology, C312GH, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, 200 Hawkins Dr., Iowa City, IA 52242. Phone: (319) 384-6175. Fax: (319) 353-6290. E-mail: jacob-ijdo{at}uiowa.edu.

Editor: F. C. Fang

Infection and Immunity, September 2004, p. 5392-5401, Vol. 72, No. 9
0019-9567/04/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/IAI.72.9.5392-5401.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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