This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF) Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Services Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Reprints and Permissions Copyright Information Books from ASM Press MicrobeWorld Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Nair, M. G. Articles by Allen, J. E. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Nair, M. G. Articles by Allen, J. E.

Chitinase and Fizz Family Members Are a Generalized Feature of Nematode Infection with Selective Upregulation of Ym1 and Fizz1 by Antigen-Presenting Cells

Ashworth Laboratories, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh,¹ Department of Biology, University of York, York, United Kingdom,³ Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, California²

Received 3 June 2004/ Returned for modification 14 July 2004/ Accepted 10 September 2004

Ym1 and Fizz1 are secreted proteins that have been identified in a variety of Th2-mediated inflammatory settings. We originally found Ym1 and Fizz1 as highly expressed macrophage genes in a Brugia malayi infection model. Here, we show that their expression is a generalized feature of nematode infection and that they are induced at the site of infection with both the tissue nematode Litomosoides sigmodontis and the gastrointestinal nematode Nippostrongylus brasiliensis. At the sites of infection with N. brasiliensis, we also observed induction of other chitinase and Fizz family members (ChaFFs): acidic mammalian chitinase (AMCase) and Fizz2. The high expression of both Ym1 and AMCase in the lungs of infected mice suggests that abundant chitinase production is an important feature of Th2 immune responses in the lung. In addition to expression of ChaFFs in the tissues, Ym1 and Fizz1 expression was observed in the lymph nodes. Expression both in vitro and in vivo was restricted to antigen-presenting cells, with the highest expression in B cells and macrophages. ChaFFs may therefore be important effector or wound-repair molecules at the site of nematode infection, with potential regulatory roles for Ym1 and Fizz1 in the draining lymph nodes.

Editor: J. F. Urban, Jr.

This article has been cited by other articles:

• Migliaccio, C. T., Buford, M. C., Jessop, F., Holian, A. (2008). The IL-4R{alpha} pathway in macrophages and its potential role in silica-induced pulmonary fibrosis. J. Leukoc. Biol. 83: 630-639 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• MacKinnon, A. C., Farnworth, S. L., Hodkinson, P. S., Henderson, N. C., Atkinson, K. M., Leffler, H., Nilsson, U. J., Haslett, C., Forbes, S. J., Sethi, T. (2008). Regulation of Alternative Macrophage Activation by Galectin-3. J. Immunol. 180: 2650-2658 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Loke, P., Gallagher, I., Nair, M. G., Zang, X., Brombacher, F., Mohrs, M., Allison, J. P., Allen, J. E. (2007). Alternative Activation Is an Innate Response to Injury That Requires CD4+ T Cells to be Sustained during Chronic Infection. J. Immunol. 179: 3926-3936 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Edwards, J. P., Zhang, X., Frauwirth, K. A., Mosser, D. M. (2006). Biochemical and functional characterization of three activated macrophage populations. J. Leukoc. Biol. 80: 1298-1307 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Reece, J. J., Siracusa, M. C., Scott, A. L. (2006). Innate Immune Responses to Lung-Stage Helminth Infection Induce Alternatively Activated Alveolar Macrophages. Infect. Immun. 74: 4970-4981 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Hoenerhoff, M. J., Starost, M. F., Ward, J. M. (2006). Eosinophilic Crystalline Pneumonia as a Major Cause of Death in 129S4/SvJae Mice.. Vet Pathol 43: 682-688 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Nair, M. G., Guild, K. J., Artis, D. (2006). Novel Effector Molecules in Type 2 Inflammation: Lessons Drawn from Helminth Infection and Allergy. J. Immunol. 177: 1393-1399 [Full Text]  
• Hassanzadeh Ghassabeh, G., De Baetselier, P., Brys, L., Noel, W., Van Ginderachter, J. A., Meerschaut, S., Beschin, A., Brombacher, F., Raes, G. (2006). Identification of a common gene signature for type II cytokine-associated myeloid cells elicited in vivo in different pathologic conditions. Blood 108: 575-583 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Taylor, M. D., Harris, A., Nair, M. G., Maizels, R. M., Allen, J. E. (2006). F4/80+ Alternatively Activated Macrophages Control CD4+ T Cell Hyporesponsiveness at Sites Peripheral to Filarial Infection.. J. Immunol. 176: 6918-6927 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Arora, M., Chen, L., Paglia, M., Gallagher, I., Allen, J. E., Vyas, Y. M., Ray, A., Ray, P. (2006). Simvastatin promotes Th2-type responses through the induction of the chitinase family member Ym1 in dendritic cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 103: 7777-7782 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Kzhyshkowska, J., Mamidi, S., Gratchev, A., Kremmer, E., Schmuttermaier, C., Krusell, L., Haus, G., Utikal, J., Schledzewski, K., Scholtze, J., Goerdt, S. (2006). Novel stabilin-1 interacting chitinase-like protein (SI-CLP) is up-regulated in alternatively activated macrophages and secreted via lysosomal pathway. Blood 107: 3221-3228 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Reiman, R. M., Thompson, R. W., Feng, C. G., Hari, D., Knight, R., Cheever, A. W., Rosenberg, H. F., Wynn, T. A. (2006). Interleukin-5 (IL-5) Augments the Progression of Liver Fibrosis by Regulating IL-13 Activity. Infect. Immun. 74: 1471-1479 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Bierbaum, S., Nickel, R., Koch, A., Lau, S., Deichmann, K. A., Wahn, U., Superti-Furga, A., Heinzmann, A. (2005). Polymorphisms and Haplotypes of Acid Mammalian Chitinase Are Associated with Bronchial Asthma. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 172: 1505-1509 [Abstract] [Full Text]