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Infection and Immunity, February 2005, p. 679-686, Vol. 73, No. 2
0019-9567/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/IAI.73.2.679-686.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

EspJ Is a Prophage-Carried Type III Effector Protein of Attaching and Effacing Pathogens That Modulates Infection Dynamics

Sivan Dahan,1 Siouxsie Wiles,1 Roberto M. La Ragione,2 Angus Best,2 Martin J. Woodward,2 Mark P. Stevens,3 Robert K. Shaw,4 Yuwen Chong,5 Stuart Knutton,4 Alan Phillips,5 and Gad Frankel1*

Department of Biological Sciences, Centre for Molecular Microbiology and Infection, Imperial College London,1 Centre for Paediatric Gastroenterology, Royal Free and University College Medical School, London,5 Department of Food and Environmental Safety, Veterinary Laboratories Agency (Defra), Addlestone, Surrey,2 Division of Microbiology, Institute of Animal Health, Compton, Newbury, Berkshire,3 Institute of Child Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom4

Received 5 August 2004/ Returned for modification 20 September 2004/ Accepted 30 October 2004

Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli, enteropathogenic E. coli, and Citrobacter rodentium are highly adapted enteropathogens that successfully colonize their host's gastrointestinal tract via the formation of attaching and effacing (A/E) lesions. These pathogens utilize a type III secretion system (TTSS) apparatus, encoded by the locus of enterocyte effacement, to translocate bacterial effector proteins into epithelial cells. Here, we report the identification of EspJ (E. coli-secreted protein J), a translocated TTSS effector that is carried on the 5' end of the cryptic prophage CP-933U. Infection of epithelial cells in culture revealed that EspJ is not required for A/E lesion activity in vivo and ex vivo. However, in vivo studies performed with mice demonstrated that EspJ possesses properties that influence the dynamics of clearance of the pathogen from the host's intestinal tract, suggesting a role in host survival and pathogen transmission.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Centre for Molecular Microbiology and Infection, Department of Biological Sciences, Flowers Building, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom. Phone: 44 (0) 20 7594 5253. Fax: 44 (0) 20 7594 3069. E-mail:g.frankel{at}imperial.ac.uk.

Editor: J. T. Barbieri

Infection and Immunity, February 2005, p. 679-686, Vol. 73, No. 2
0019-9567/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/IAI.73.2.679-686.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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