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Infection and Immunity, March 2005, p. 1523-1531, Vol. 73, No. 3
0019-9567/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/IAI.73.3.1523-1531.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Helicobacter pylori Induces Interleukin-8 Secretion by Toll-Like Receptor 2- and Toll-Like Receptor 5-Dependent and -Independent Pathways

Anastasia M. Torok,1 Amy H. Bouton,1,{dagger} and Joanna B. Goldberg1*,{dagger}

Department of Microbiology, University of Virginia Health Sciences Center, Charlottesville, Virginia1

Received 20 September 2004/ Returned for modification 27 October 2004/ Accepted 17 November 2004

Helicobacter pylori is an important human pathogen that causes gastritis and is strongly associated with gastric ulcers, gastric adenocarcinomas, and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphomas. In response to H. pylori, interleukin-8 (IL-8) is secreted from host cells to attract components of the innate and adaptive immune systems to the site of infection. Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and TLR5 have been shown to recognize H. pylori and to initiate signaling pathways that result in enhanced activation of NF-{kappa}B. Here, we evaluated the contribution of mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways to TLR2-dependent and TLR5-dependent secretion of IL-8. Secretion of IL-8 from H. pylori-infected HEK293 cells was augmented by the expression of TLR2 or TLR5. While H. pylori infection resulted in the activation of ERK, JNK, and p38, the enhanced IL-8 secretion from TLR2- and TLR5-expressing cells coincided with increased p38 activation and phosphorylation of the transcription factor ATF2. When p38 activity was inhibited in TLR2- or TLR5-expressing cells, H. pylori-dependent IL-8 secretion returned to the level observed in infected parental HEK293 cells that did not express TLR2 or TLR5; inhibition of p38 had no effect on IL-8 secretion from infected parental HEK cells. In contrast, inhibition of JNK and/or ERK resulted in substantially less IL-8 secretion from infected cells, independent of TLR2 or TLR5 expression. Based on these data, we propose that H. pylori induces IL-8 secretion through a dual mechanism that includes a TLR2/5-independent component involving the activities of JNK and ERK and a TLR2/5-dependent component that requires p38 activity.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: University of Virginia Health System, P.O. Box 800734, Charlottesville, VA 22908-0734. Phone: (434) 243-2774. Fax: (434) 982-1071. E-mail: jbg2b{at}virginia.edu.

Editor: J. N. Weiser

{dagger} A.H.B. and J.B.G. contributed equally to this work.

Infection and Immunity, March 2005, p. 1523-1531, Vol. 73, No. 3
0019-9567/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/IAI.73.3.1523-1531.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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