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Infection and Immunity, April 2005, p. 2205-2212, Vol. 73, No. 4
0019-9567/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/IAI.73.4.2205-2212.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Natural History of Gastric Mucosal Cytokine Expression in Helicobacter pylori Gastritis in Mongolian Gerbils

Yoshio Yamaoka,1* Kazuyoshi Yamauchi,2 Hiroyoshi Ota,3 Atsushi Sugiyama,4 Satoshi Ishizone,4 David Y. Graham,1 Fukuto Maruta,4 Maki Murakami,4 and Tsutomu Katsuyama5

Department of Medicine/Gastroenterology, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas,1 Shinshu University Hospital,2 Department of Biomedical Laboratory SciencesSchool of Health Sciences,3 Department of Surgery,4 Department of Laboratory MedicineShinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan5

Received 10 October 2004/ Returned for modification 16 November 2004/ Accepted 21 December 2004

Data regarding the chronological changes in gastric mucosal cytokines in the different phases of Helicobacter pylori infection are unavailable. We examined Mongolian gerbils for up to 52 weeks after H. pylori (ATCC 43504) inoculation. Levels of mRNAs of mucosal cytokines (interleukin-1ß [IL-1ß], gamma interferon [IFN-{gamma}], IL-4, IL-6, and IL-10) were assessed using real-time reverse transcription-PCR. Starting 26 weeks after H. pylori inoculation, two clinicohistologic patterns appeared: gastric ulcers in 32% and hyperplastic polyps in 68% of gerbils. High levels of mucosal IL-1ß mRNA were observed early in the infection, reaching maximum at 4 weeks and then rapidly declining. Mucosal IFN-{gamma} mRNA also reached maximal levels at 4 weeks but remained high thereafter. Both IL-1ß and IFN-{gamma} mRNA levels were consistently higher in the pyloric mucosa than in the fundic mucosa. In contrast, IL-4, IL-6, and IL-10 mRNA levels peaked at 8 to 26 weeks and levels were similar in the pyloric mucosa and the fundic mucosa. IFN-{gamma} mRNA levels were significantly higher in gerbils with ulcers than in those with hyperplastic polyps (median IFN-{gamma}/glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase ratio x 100,000 = 650 versus 338, respectively [antrum], and 172 versus 40, respectively [corpus]) (P < 0.05). We propose that the different outcomes (e.g., ulcers or hyperplastic polyps) might relate to imbalances among cytokines.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center (111D), Rm. 3A-320, 2002 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX 77030. Phone: (713) 794-7597. Fax: (713) 790-1040. E-mail: yyamaoka{at}bcm.tmc.edu.

Editor: F. C. Fang

Infection and Immunity, April 2005, p. 2205-2212, Vol. 73, No. 4
0019-9567/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/IAI.73.4.2205-2212.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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