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Infection and Immunity, April 2005, p. 2411-2423, Vol. 73, No. 4
0019-9567/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/IAI.73.4.2411-2423.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Staphylococcus aureus Deficient in Lipidation of Prelipoproteins Is Attenuated in Growth and Immune Activation

Hartmut Stoll,1 Jörn Dengjel,2 Christiane Nerz,1 and Friedrich Götz1*

Mikrobielle Genetik,1 Institute of Cell Biology, Department of Immunology, Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany2

Received 20 August 2004/ Returned for modification 24 August 2004/ Accepted 6 December 2004

A lipoprotein diacylglyceryl transferase (lgt) deletion mutant of Staphylococcus aureus SA113 was constructed. The lipoprotein and prelipoprotein expression, the growth behavior, and the ability of the mutant to elicit an immune response in various host cells were studied. In the wild type, the majority of [14C]palmitate-labeled lipoproteins were located in the membrane fraction, although some lipoproteins were also present on the cell surface and in the culture supernatant. The lgt mutant completely lacked palmitate-labeled lipoproteins and released high amounts of some unmodified prelipoproteins, e.g., the oligopeptide-binding protein OppA, the peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase PrsA, and the staphylococcal iron transporter SitC, into the culture supernatant. The growth of the lgt mutant was hardly affected in rich medium but was retarded under nutrient limitation. The lgt mutant and its crude lysate induced much fewer proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines in human monocytic (MonoMac6), epithelial (pulmonary A549), and endothelial (human umbilical vein endothelial) cells than the wild type. However, in whole blood samples, the culture supernatant of the lgt mutant was equal or even superior to the wild-type supernatant in tumor necrosis factor alpha induction. Lipoprotein fractionation experiments provided evidence that a small proportion of the mature lipoproteins are released by the S. aureus wild type despite the lipid anchor and are trapped in part by the cell wall, thereby exposing the immune-activating lipid structure on the cell surface. Bacterial lipoproteins appear to be essential for a complete immune stimulation by gram-positive bacteria.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Mikrobielle Genetik, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 28, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany. Phone: (49) 7071 29746-36 or (49) 7071 29746-35. Fax: (49) 7071 295039. E-mail: friedrich.goetz{at}uni-tuebingen.de.

Editor: J. B. Bliska

Infection and Immunity, April 2005, p. 2411-2423, Vol. 73, No. 4
0019-9567/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/IAI.73.4.2411-2423.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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