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Infection and Immunity, June 2005, p. 3636-3645, Vol. 73, No. 6
0019-9567/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/IAI.73.6.3636-3645.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Infection of Newborn Piglets with Bordetella pertussis: a New Model for Pertussis

S. Elahi,1 R. Brownlie,1 J. Korzeniowski,1 R. Buchanan,1 B. O'Connor,2 M. S. Peppler,3 S. A. Halperin,4 S. F. Lee,5 L. A. Babiuk,1 and V. Gerdts1*

Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization (VIDO), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada,1 Prairie Diagnostic Services, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada,2 Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada,3 Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada,4 Department of Applied Oral Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada5

Received 31 October 2004/ Returned for modification 13 December 2004/ Accepted 27 January 2005

Bordetella pertussis is the causative agent of pertussis or whooping cough. This bacterium is a human pathogen that under experimental conditions also infects selected rodents and primates. Here, we show for the first time that newborn piglets can be infected with B. pertussis when it is delivered intrapulmonarily. Infected piglets displayed fever and respiratory symptoms, such as nasal discharge, nonparoxysmal coughing, and breathing difficulties. Eventually, all infected animals developed severe bronchopneumonia, which in some cases was combined with a fibrinous pleuritits. Immunohistochemical staining revealed the presence of large numbers of B. pertussis cells within airways, adhering to the epithelial lining or phagocytosed by macrophages and neutrophils. Viable bacteria were reisolated from bronchoalveolar lavages and lung lesions for more than 10 days postinfection. The systemic presence of pertussis toxin was shown by hypoglycemia, lymphocytosis, and induction of a clustered pattern of CHO cells by serum and bronchoalveolar lavage samples. Thus, a large-animal model for pertussis was developed, which should complement existing rodent models for identifying the immune responses relevant to the design of new vaccines. In particular, this model should help researchers analyze the roles of both maternal and mucosal immunity in disease protection against pertussis and should ultimately assist in the design of new vaccines for early life protection.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization (VIDO), University of Saskatchewan, 120 Veterinary Road, Saskatoon S7N 5E3, Canada. Phone: (306) 966-1513. Fax: (306) 966-7478. E-mail: gerdts{at}sask.usask.ca.

Editor: A. D. O'Brien

Infection and Immunity, June 2005, p. 3636-3645, Vol. 73, No. 6
0019-9567/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/IAI.73.6.3636-3645.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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