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Infection and Immunity, August 2005, p. 4588-4595, Vol. 73, No. 8
0019-9567/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/IAI.73.8.4588-4595.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Invasive Phenotype of Candida albicans Affects the Host Proinflammatory Response to Infection

C. C. Villar,1 H. Kashleva,1 A. P. Mitchell,2 and A. Dongari-Bagtzoglou1*

Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut, Farmington, Connecticut 06030-1710,1 Department of Microbiology, Columbia University, New York, New York 100322

Received 11 November 2004/ Returned for modification 3 December 2004/ Accepted 14 March 2005

Candida albicans is a major opportunistic pathogen in immunocompromised patients. Production of proinflammatory cytokines by host cells in response to C. albicans plays a critical role in the activation of immune cells and final clearance of the organism. Invasion of host cells and tissues is considered one of the virulence attributes of this organism. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the ability of C. albicans to invade host cells and tissues affects the proinflammatory cytokine responses by epithelial and endothelial cells. In this study we used the invasion-deficient RIM101 gene knockout strain DAY25, the highly invasive strain SC5314, and highly invasive RIM101-complemented strain DAY44 to compare the proinflammatory cytokine responses by oral epithelial or endothelial cells. Using a high-throughput approach, we found both qualitative and quantitative differences in the overall inflammatory responses to C. albicans strains with different invasive potentials. Overall, the highly invasive strains triggered higher levels of proinflammatory cytokines in host cells than the invasion-deficient mutant triggered. Significant differences compared to the attenuated mutant were noted in interleukin-1{alpha} (IL-1{alpha}), IL-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor alpha in epithelial cells and in IL-6, growth-related oncogene, IL-8, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), MCP-2, and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in endothelial cells. Our results indicate that invasion of host cells and tissues by C. albicans enhances the host proinflammatory response to infection.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut, 263 Farmington Ave., Farmington, CT 06030-1710. Phone: (860) 679-4543. Fax: (860) 679-1673. E-mail: adongari{at}uchc.edu.

Editor: T. R. Kozel

Infection and Immunity, August 2005, p. 4588-4595, Vol. 73, No. 8
0019-9567/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/IAI.73.8.4588-4595.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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