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Infection and Immunity, August 2005, p. 4905-4912, Vol. 73, No. 8
0019-9567/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/IAI.73.8.4905-4912.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Divergence of Protection Induced by Bacterial Products and Sepsis-Induced Immune Suppression

Theo Sterns, Nils Pollak, Bernd Echtenacher, and Daniela N. Männel*

Institute of Immunology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany

Received 3 February 2005/ Returned for modification 1 March 2005/ Accepted 12 April 2005

Susceptibility to bacterial infections after a primary immune stimulation differs drastically depending on the presensitization of the innate immune system. To determine the conditions that either induce protection or enhanced susceptibility to infection with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, we pretreated mice either with tumor necrosis factor (TNF), whole killed bacteria, or sublethal cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) as a mouse model for septic peritonitis. Impaired production of the cytokines TNF, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and IL-10 was induced by these pretreatment schedules, with TNF-signaling not being essential for this effect. Injection of TNF or killed bacteria enhanced survival of mice infected subsequently with serovar Typhimurium. In contrast, sepsis such as that induced by CLP only protected from shock induced by D-galactosamine and lipopolysaccharide or by a high dose of bacteria but sensitized to a secondary bacterial infection. Such sepsis-induced enhanced susceptibility to infection was critically dependent on TNF function.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Institute of Immunology, University of Regensburg, F.-J.-Strauss-Allee, D-93042 Regensburg, Germany. Phone: 49-941-944-6622. Fax: 49-941-944-6602. E-mail: daniela.maennel{at}klinik.uni-regensburg.de.

Editor: F. C. Fang

Infection and Immunity, August 2005, p. 4905-4912, Vol. 73, No. 8
0019-9567/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/IAI.73.8.4905-4912.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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