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Infection and Immunity, August 2005, p. 5212-5216, Vol. 73, No. 8
0019-9567/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/IAI.73.8.5212-5216.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Staphylococcus aureus Peptidoglycan Is a Toll-Like Receptor 2 Activator: a Reevaluation

Roman Dziarski* and Dipika Gupta

Northwest Center for Medical Education, Indiana University School of Medicine, Gary, Indiana 46408

Received 3 December 2004/ Returned for modification 17 February 2005/ Accepted 4 April 2005

Since the ability of peptidoglycan (PGN) to activate Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) was recently questioned, we reevaluated activation of TLR2 by PGN. Polymeric soluble or insoluble Staphylococcus aureus PGN, repurified by sodium dodecyl sulfate or phenol extraction, activated TLR2 at 0.1 to 1 or 10 µg/ml, respectively, and induced tumor necrosis factor alpha production. The TLR2 activation by PGN, but not by lipoteichoic acid, was abolished by muramidase digestion. We conclude that polymeric S. aureus PGN is a TLR2 activator.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Northwest Center for Medical Education, Indiana University School of Medicine, 3400 Broadway, Gary, IN 46408. Phone: (219) 980-6535. Fax: (219) 980-6566. E-mail: rdziar{at}iun.edu.

Editor: F. C. Fang

Infection and Immunity, August 2005, p. 5212-5216, Vol. 73, No. 8
0019-9567/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/IAI.73.8.5212-5216.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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