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Infection and Immunity, January 2006, p. 625-631, Vol. 74, No. 1
0019-9567/06/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/IAI.74.1.625-631.2006
Copyright © 2006, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Microbial Pattern Recognition Receptors Mediate M-Cell Uptake of a Gram-Negative Bacterium

Peter Tyrer,1,{dagger} A. Ruth Foxwell,1 Allan W. Cripps,2 Michael A. Apicella,3 and Jennelle M. Kyd1*

School of Health Sciences, University of Canberra, Bruce, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia,1 School of Medicine, Griffith Medical and Oral Health Centre, Griffith University, 16 High St., Southport QLD 4215, Australia,2 Department of Microbiology, Inflammation Program, and Molecular Biology Program, University of Iowa, 51 Newton Rd., Iowa City, Iowa 522423

Received 19 June 2005/ Returned for modification 7 August 2005/ Accepted 1 October 2005

The receptors involved in the sampling of particulate microbial antigens by the gut are largely unknown. Here we demonstrate for the first time in an in vitro M-cell model and in situ in isolated murine intestinal segments that the receptors TLR-4, PAF-R, and {alpha}5ß1 integrin are all involved in mediating bacterial uptake associated with transcytosis. The pattern of expression of TLR-4 and {alpha}5ß1 integrin differed between M cells and enterocytes. There was increased apical expression of TLR-4 in M-cell cultures, and it was present on the apical surface of murine M cells but not enterocytes in situ. In contrast, PAF-R was expressed equally by both cell types in vitro and was abundantly expressed throughout the intestinal epithelium. Inhibition of TLR-4 and PAF-R, but not TLR-2, reduced gram-negative bacterial uptake by both cell types, whereas inhibition of the apically expressed {alpha}5ß1 integrin significantly reduced the ability of M cells to translocate bacteria. Hence, the involvement of each receptor was dependent not only on differences in the level of receptor expression but the cellular localization. Using bacteria that had mutations that affected the bacterial lipooligosaccharide structure indicated that the oligosaccharide moiety was important in bacterial uptake. Taken together, the data suggest that pathogen-associated molecular pattern interactions with pattern recognition receptors are key factors in M-cell recognition of intestinal antigens for mucosal immune priming.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: School of Health Sciences, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. Phone: 61 2 6201 2160. Fax: 61 2 6201 2461. E-mail: jennelle.kyd{at}canberra.edu.au.

Editor: J. D. Clements

{dagger} Present address: Canberra Hospital, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.

Infection and Immunity, January 2006, p. 625-631, Vol. 74, No. 1
0019-9567/06/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/IAI.74.1.625-631.2006
Copyright © 2006, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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