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Infection and Immunity, February 2006, p. 1215-1221, Vol. 74, No. 2
0019-9567/06/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/IAI.74.2.1215-1221.2006
Copyright © 2006, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Cytokine Production Associated with Periportal Fibrosis during Chronic Schistosomiasis Mansoni in Humans

L. F. Alves Oliveira,1 E. C. Moreno,2 G. Gazzinelli,3,4* O. A. Martins-Filho,3 A. M. S. Silveira,1 A. Gazzinelli,5 L. C. C. Malaquias,1 P. LoVerde,6,{dagger} P. Martins Leite,1 and R. Correa-Oliveira3

Núcleo de Pesquisa em Imunologia, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Vale Do Rio Doce, Gov. Valadares, Minas Gerais, Brazil,1 Fundação Nacional de Saúde, Minas Gerais, Brazil,2 Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou—Fiocruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil,3 Santa Casa de Misericórdia, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil,4 Escola de Enfermagem, UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil,5 State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York6

Received 8 July 2005/ Returned for modification 30 August 2005/ Accepted 7 November 2005

Volunteers living in an area where schistosomiasis mansoni is endemic were subjected to ultrasound examination and classified into groups according to the levels of fibrosis diagnosed, namely, absence of indications of fibrosis (group 0), incipient fibrosis (group 1), and moderate/severe fibrosis (group 2). Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) collected from the volunteers were stimulated with soluble antigens from adult schistosomes or from schistosome eggs, and the production of the cytokines gamma interferon, tumor necrosis factor alpha, transforming growth factor ß (TGF-ß), interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-10, and IL-13 was determined. Potential associations of the level of fibrosis with age, sex, intensity of infection, and cytokine production were investigated between the three groups. Univariate analysis identified associations of age (>50), gender (male), and absence of eggs/g of feces with moderate/severe fibrosis and an association of intensity of infection (>100 eggs) with incipient fibrosis. When cytokine production in PBMC cultures stimulated by soluble egg antigens was categorized as low or high, significant differences in the distribution of IL-13 levels were established between groups 0 and 2. No significant differences were detected between the groups in the cytokines produced by PBMC cultures stimulated with soluble antigens from adult schistosomes. When all variables were tested in multivariate analyses, only IL-13 was strongly associated with fibrosis (odds ratio = 5.8; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.1 to 30.5). While high levels of TGF-ß appeared to be associated with protection against fibrosis, the strength of the association was low.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Centro de Pesquisas Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Avenida Augusto de Lima 1715, Barro Preto, Belo Horizonte, MG 30190-002, Brazil. Phone: 55 31 32953566. Fax: 55 31 32953115. E-mail: ggaz{at}cpqrr.fiocruz.br.

Editor: J. F. Urban, Jr.

{dagger} Present address: Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research, San Antonio, Tex.

Infection and Immunity, February 2006, p. 1215-1221, Vol. 74, No. 2
0019-9567/06/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/IAI.74.2.1215-1221.2006
Copyright © 2006, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



This article has been cited by other articles:

  • Martins-Leite, P., Gazzinelli, G., Alves-Oliveira, L. F., Gazzinelli, A., Malaquias, L. C. C., Correa-Oliveira, R., Teixeira-Carvalho, A., Silveira, A. M. S. (2008). Effect of Chemotherapy with Praziquantel on the Production of Cytokines and Morbidity Associated with Schistosomiasis Mansoni. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 52: 2780-2786 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • BERHE, N., HALVORSEN, B. L., GUNDERSEN, T. E., MYRVANG, B., GUNDERSEN, S. G., BLOMHOFF, R. (2007). REDUCED SERUM CONCENTRATIONS OF RETINOL AND {alpha}-TOCOPHEROL AND HIGH CONCENTRATIONS OF HYDROPEROXIDES ARE ASSOCIATED WITH COMMUNITY LEVELS OF S. MANSONI INFECTION AND SCHISTOSOMAL PERIPORTAL FIBROSIS IN ETHIOPIAN SCHOOL CHILDREN. Am J Trop Med Hyg 76: 943-949 [Abstract] [Full Text]  


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