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Infection and Immunity, June 2006, p. 3607-3617, Vol. 74, No. 6
0019-9567/06/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/IAI.01836-05
Copyright © 2006, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Topical Application of Escherichia coli-Vectored Vaccine as a Simple Method for Eliciting Protective Immunity

Jianfeng Zhang, Zhongkai Shi, Fan-kun Kong, Edward Jex, Zhigang Huang, James M. Watt, Kent R. Van Kampen, and De-chu C. Tang*

Vaxin Inc., 2800 Milan Court, Birmingham, Alabama 35211

Received 9 November 2005/ Returned for modification 9 December 2005/ Accepted 2 March 2006

We report here that animals can be protected against lethal infection by Clostridium tetani cells and Bacillus anthracis spores following topical application of intact particles of live or {gamma}-irradiated Escherichia coli vectors overproducing tetanus and anthrax antigens, respectively. Cutaneous {gamma}{delta}T cells were rapidly recruited to the administration site. Live E. coli cells were not found in nonskin tissues after topical application, although fragments of E. coli DNA were disseminated transiently. Evidence suggested that intact E. coli particles in the outer layer of skin may be disrupted by a {gamma}{delta}T-cell-mediated innate defense mechanism, followed by the presentation of E. coli ligand-adjuvanted intravector antigens to the immune system and rapid degradation of E. coli components. The nonreplicating E. coli vector overproducing an exogenous immunogen may foster the development of a new generation of vaccines that can be manufactured rapidly and administered noninvasively in a wide variety of disease settings.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Vaxin Inc., 2800 Milan Court, Birmingham, AL 35211. Phone: (205) 909-3738. Fax: (205) 943-6656. E-mail: tang{at}vaxin.com.

Editor: D. L. Burns

Infection and Immunity, June 2006, p. 3607-3617, Vol. 74, No. 6
0019-9567/06/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/IAI.01836-05
Copyright © 2006, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.





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Copyright © 2006 by the American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.