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Infection and Immunity, August 2006, p. 4581-4589, Vol. 74, No. 8
0019-9567/06/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/IAI.00001-06
Copyright © 2006, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

A Pleiotropic Regulator, Frp, Affects Exopolysaccharide Synthesis, Biofilm Formation, and Competence Development in Streptococcus mutans

Bing Wang and Howard K. Kuramitsu*

Department of Oral Biology, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14214

Received 1 January 2006/ Returned for modification 21 March 2006/ Accepted 30 May 2006

Exopolysaccharide synthesis, biofilm formation, and competence are important physiologic functions and virulence factors for Streptococcus mutans. In this study, we report the role of Frp, a transcriptional regulator, on the regulation of these traits crucial to pathogenesis. An Frp-deficient mutant showed decreased transcription of several genes important in virulence, including those encoding fructosyltransferase (Ftf), glucosyltransferase B (GtfB), and GtfC, by reverse transcription and quantitative real-time PCR. Expression of Ftf was decreased in the frp mutant, as assessed by Western blotting as well as by the activity assays. Frp deficiency also inhibited the production of GtfB in the presence of glucose and sucrose as well as the production of GtfC in the presence of glucose. As a consequence of the effects on GtfB and -C, sucrose-induced biofilm formation was decreased in the frp mutant. The expression of competence mediated by the competence-signaling peptide (CSP) system, as assessed by comC gene transcription, was attenuated in the frp mutant. As a result, the transformation efficiency was decreased in the frp mutant but was partially restored by adding synthetic CSP. Transcription of the frp gene was significantly increased in the frp mutant under all conditions tested, indicating that frp transcription is autoregulated. Furthermore, complementation of the frp gene in the frp mutant restored transcription of the affected genes to levels similar to those in the wild-type strain. These results suggest that Frp is a novel pleiotropic effector of multiple cellular functions and is involved in the modulation of exopolysaccharide synthesis, sucrose-dependent biofilm formation, and competence development.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Oral Biology, State University of New York at Buffalo, 3435 Main Street, Buffalo, NY 14214. Phone: (512) 249-5901. Fax: (716) 829-3942. E-mail: kuramitsu{at}earthlink.net.

Editor: V. J. DiRita

Infection and Immunity, August 2006, p. 4581-4589, Vol. 74, No. 8
0019-9567/06/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/IAI.00001-06
Copyright © 2006, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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