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Infection and Immunity, February 2007, p. 792-800, Vol. 75, No. 2
0019-9567/07/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/IAI.00679-06

Involvement of a Salmonella Genomic Island 1 Gene in the Rumen Protozoan-Mediated Enhancement of Invasion for Multiple-Antibiotic-Resistant Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium

Steve A. Carlson,^* Vijay K. Sharma, Zoe P. McCuddin, Mark A. Rasmussen, and Sharon K. Franklin

Pre-harvest Food Safety and Enteric Disease Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Ames, Iowa 50010

Received 27 April 2006/ Returned for modification 21 June 2006/ Accepted 17 November 2006

Multiple-antibiotic-resistant Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium is a food-borne pathogen that may be more virulent than related strains lacking the multiresistance phenotype. Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium phage type DT104 is the most prevalent of these multiresistant/hypervirulent strains. Multiresistance in DT104 is conferred by an integron structure, designated Salmonella genomic island 1 (SGI1), while we recently demonstrated DT104 hyperinvasion mediated by rumen protozoa (RPz) that are normal flora of cattle. Hyperinvasion was also observed in other Salmonella strains, i.e., other S. enterica serovar Typhimurium phage types and other S. enterica serovars, like S. enterica serovar Infantis, possessing SGI1, while DT104 strains lacking SGI1 were not hyperinvasive. Herein we attempted to identify SGI1 genes involved in the RPz-mediated hyperinvasion of Salmonella strains bearing SGI1. Transposon mutagenesis, coupled with a novel reporter system, revealed the involvement of an SGI1 gene previously designated SO13. Disruption of SO13 expression led to an abrogation of hyperinvasion as assessed by tissue culture invasion assays and by bovine challenge experiments. However, hyperinvasion was not observed in non-SGI1-bearing strains of Salmonella engineered to express SO13. That is, SO13 and another SGI1 gene(s) may coordinately upregulate invasion in DT104 exposed to RPz.

Published ahead of print on 4 December 2006.

Editor: F. C. Fang

Present address: The Monsanto Company, Ankeny, IA.

Present address: SarTec Corp., Anoka, MN.