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Infection and Immunity, March 2007, p. 1393-1402, Vol. 75, No. 3
0019-9567/07/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/IAI.01321-06
Copyright © 2007, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Genome-Wide Analysis of Cellular Response to Bacterial Genotoxin CdtB in Yeast{triangledown} ,{dagger}

Takao Kitagawa, Hisashi Hoshida, and Rinji Akada*

Department of Applied Molecular Bioscience, Division of Engineering, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube 755-8611, Japan

Received 17 August 2006/ Returned for modification 25 October 2006/ Accepted 22 December 2006

The cytolethal distending toxins (CDTs) are secreted virulence proteins produced by several bacterial pathogens, and the subunit CdtB has the ability to create DNA lesions, primarily DNA single-strand breaks (SSBs) in vitro, and cause cell cycle arrest, cellular distension, and cell death in both mammalian and yeast cells. To elucidate the components of the mechanisms underlying the response to CdtB-induced DNA lesions, a CdtB expression plasmid was transformed into a series of diploid yeast strains harboring deletions in 4,708 nonessential genes. A total of 4,706 of these clones were successfully transformed, which we have now designated as a systematic transformation array (STA), and were subsequently screened. We identified 61 sensitive strains from the STA whose deleted genes can be categorized into a number of groups, including DNA metabolism, chromosome segregation, vesicular traffic, RNA catabolism, protein translation, morphogenesis, and nuclear transport, as well as one unknown open reading frame. However, only 28 of these strains were found to be sensitive to HO endonuclease, which is known to create a DNA double-strand break (DSB), suggesting that CdtB-induced DNA lesion is not similar to the direct DSB. Amazingly, CdtB expression elicits severe growth defects in haploid yeast cells, but only marginal defects in diploid yeast cells. The presence and absence of genes known to be involved in DNA repair in these genome-wide data reveal that CdtB-induced DNA damage is specifically repaired well in the diploid by homologous recombination but not by other repair mechanisms. Our present results provide insights into how CdtB pathogenesis is linked to eukaryotic cellular functions.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Applied Molecular Bioscience, Division of Engineering, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokiwadai, Ube 755-8611, Japan. Phone: 81 (836) 85-9292. Fax: 81 (836) 85-9201. E-mail: rinji{at}yamaguchi-u.ac.jp.

{triangledown} Published ahead of print on 12 January 2007.

Editor: D. L. Burns

{dagger} Supplemental material for this article may be found at http://iai.asm.org/.

Infection and Immunity, March 2007, p. 1393-1402, Vol. 75, No. 3
0019-9567/07/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/IAI.01321-06
Copyright © 2007, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.





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