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Infection and Immunity, May 2007, p. 2234-2243, Vol. 75, No. 5
0019-9567/07/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/IAI.01681-06
Copyright © 2007, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Murine Neonates Are Highly Resistant to Yersinia enterocolitica following Orogastric Exposure

Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida

Received 20 October 2006/ Returned for modification 22 December 2006/ Accepted 14 February 2007

Neonates are considered highly susceptible to gastrointestinal infections. This susceptibility has been attributed partially to immaturity in immune cell function. To study this phenomenon, we have developed a model system with murine neonates, using the natural orogastric route of transmission for the enteropathogen Yersinia enterocolitica. The susceptibilities of 7-day-old and adult mice to orogastric Y. enterocolitica infection were assessed in 50% lethal dose experiments. Remarkably, neonatal mice of either the BALB/c or C57BL/6 mouse strain showed markedly enhanced survival after infection compared to adult mice. The resistance of neonates was not due to failure of the bacteria to colonize neonatal tissues; Y. enterocolitica was readily detectable in the intestine and mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) for at least 1 week after infection. In adult mice, Y. enterocolitica rapidly disseminated to the spleen and liver. In striking contrast, bacterial invasion of the spleen and liver in neonates was limited. Using flow cytometry and histology, we found substantial increases in the percentages of neutrophils and macrophages in the neonatal MLN, while influx of these cells into the adult MLN was limited. Similar results were obtained using two different high-virulence Y. enterocolitica strains. Importantly, depletion of neutrophils with a specific antibody led to increased translocation of the bacteria to the spleens and livers of neonates. Together, these experiments support the hypothesis that the neonatal intestinal immune system can rapidly mobilize innate phagocytes and thereby confine the bacterial infection to the gut, resulting in a high level of resistance.

Published ahead of print on 26 February 2007.

Editor: J. N. Weiser

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