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Infection and Immunity, May 2007, p. 2638-2641, Vol. 75, No. 5
0019-9567/07/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/IAI.01320-06
Copyright © 2007, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Enhancement of Macrophage Stimulation by Lipoteichoic Acid and the Costimulant Hemoglobin Is Dependent on Toll-Like Receptors 2 and 4

Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 800 Madison Avenue, Memphis, Tennessee 38163,¹ Department of Human Microbiology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel,² Research Service (151), Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 1030 Jefferson Avenue, Memphis, Tennessee 38104³

Received 16 August 2006/ Returned for modification 14 November 2006/ Accepted 2 February 2007

Macrophage stimulation by lipoteichoic acid (LTA) and hemoglobin (Hb) requires Toll-like receptors 2 and 4 (TLR2 and -4). There are two distinct temporal phases of interleukin-6 (IL-6) production. The first results in a slight enhancement of IL-6 secretion in response to LTA plus Hb compared to that with LTA alone and is TLR4 independent. The second requires TLR4 and accounts for most of the additional stimulation seen with LTA plus Hb.

Published ahead of print on 12 February 2007.

Editor: V. J. DiRita

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