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Infection and Immunity, September 2007, p. 4400-4408, Vol. 75, No. 9
0019-9567/07/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/IAI.00019-07
Copyright © 2007, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Lesion Formation and Antibody Response Induced by Papillomatous Digital Dermatitis-Associated Spirochetes in a Murine Abscess Model{triangledown}

Margaret K. Elliott,* David P. Alt, and Richard L. Zuerner

Bacterial Diseases of Livestock Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Ames, Iowa 50010

Received 4 January 2007/ Returned for modification 19 February 2007/ Accepted 17 June 2007

Papillomatous digital dermatitis (PDD), also known as hairy heel wart, is a growing cause of lameness of cows in the U.S. dairy industry. Farms with PDD-afflicted cows experience economic loss due to treatment costs, decreased milk production, lower reproductive efficiency, and premature culling. While the exact cause of PDD is unknown, lesion development is associated with the presence of anaerobic spirochetes. This study was undertaken to investigate the virulence and antigenic relatedness of four previously isolated Treponema phagedenis-like spirochetes (1A, 3A, 4A, and 5B) by using a mouse abscess model with subcutaneous inoculation of 109, 1010, and 1011 spirochetes. Each of the PDD isolates induced abscess formation, with strain 3A causing cutaneous ulceration. Lesion development and antibody responses were dose dependent and differed significantly from those seen with the nonpathogenic human T. phagedenis strain. Strains 3A, 4A, and 5B showed two-way cross-reactivity with each other and a one-way cross-reaction with T. phagedenis. Strain 5B showed one-way cross-reactivity with 1A. None of the isolates showed cross-reactivity with T. denticola. In addition, distinct differences in immunoglobulin G subclass elicitation occurred between the PDD strains and T. phagedenis. From these data, we conclude that spirochetes isolated from PDD lesions have differential virulence and antigenic traits in vivo. Continuing investigation of these properties is important for the elucidation of virulence mechanisms and antigenic targets for vaccine development.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: USDA, ARS, National Animal Disease Center, 2300 N. Dayton Ave., P.O. Box 70, Ames, IA 50010. Phone: (515) 663-7169. Fax: (515) 663-7458. E-mail: margaret.elliott{at}ars.usda.gov

{triangledown} Published ahead of print on 25 June 2007.

Editor: J. F. Urban, Jr.

Infection and Immunity, September 2007, p. 4400-4408, Vol. 75, No. 9
0019-9567/07/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/IAI.00019-07
Copyright © 2007, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



This article has been cited by other articles:

  • Yano, T., Yamagami, R., Misumi, K., Kubota, C., Moe, K. K., Hayashi, T., Yoshitani, K., Ohtake, O., Misawa, N. (2009). Genetic Heterogeneity among Strains of Treponema phagedenis-Like Spirochetes Isolated from Dairy Cattle with Papillomatous Digital Dermatitis in Japan. J. Clin. Microbiol. 47: 727-733 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Klitgaard, K., Boye, M., Capion, N., Jensen, T. K. (2008). Evidence of Multiple Treponema Phylotypes Involved in Bovine Digital Dermatitis as Shown by 16S rRNA Gene Analysis and Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization. J. Clin. Microbiol. 46: 3012-3020 [Abstract] [Full Text]  


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