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Infection and Immunity, September 2008, p. 4332-4344, Vol. 76, No. 9
0019-9567/08/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/IAI.00278-08
Copyright © 2008, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Inhibition of Malaria Parasite Development by a Cyclic Peptide That Targets the Vital Parasite Protein SERA5{triangledown}

W. Douglas Fairlie,1,{dagger} Tim P. Spurck,2,{dagger} Joanne E. McCoubrie,1 Paul R. Gilson,1 Susanne K. Miller,1 Geoffrey I. McFadden,2 Robyn Malby,1 Brendan S. Crabb,1 and Anthony N. Hodder1*

The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia,1 The School of Botany, The University of Melbourne, Grattan St., Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia2

Received 28 February 2008/ Returned for modification 30 March 2008/ Accepted 20 June 2008

The serine repeat antigen (SERA) proteins of the malaria parasites Plasmodium spp. contain a putative enzyme domain similar to that of papain family cysteine proteases. In Plasmodium falciparum parasites, more than half of the SERA family proteins, including the most abundantly expressed form, SERA5, have a cysteine-to-serine substitution within the putative catalytic triad of the active site. Although SERA5 is required for blood-stage parasite survival, the occurrence of a noncanonical catalytic triad casts doubt on the importance of the enzyme domain in this function. We used phage display to identify a small (14-residue) disulfide-bonded cyclic peptide (SBP1) that targets the enzyme domain of SERA5. Biochemical characterization of the interaction shows that it is dependent on the conformation of both the peptide and protein. Addition of this peptide to parasite cultures compromised development of late-stage parasites compared to that of control parasites or those incubated with equivalent amounts of the carboxymethylated peptide. This effect was similar in two different strains of P. falciparum as well as in a transgenic strain where the gene encoding the related serine-type parasitophorous vacuole protein SERA4 was deleted. In compromised parasites, the SBP1 peptide crosses both the erythrocyte and parasitophorous vacuole membranes and accumulates within the parasitophorous vacuole. In addition, both SBP1 and SERA5 were identified in the parasite cytosol, indicating that the plasma membrane of the parasite was compromised as a result of SBP1 treatment. These data implicate an important role for SERA5 in the regulation of the intraerythrocytic development of late-stage parasites and as a target for drug development.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Division of Infection and Immunity, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria, Australia 3050. Phone: 61 3 9345 2555. Fax: 61 3 9347 0852. E-mail: hodder{at}wehi.edu.au

{triangledown} Published ahead of print on 30 June 2008.

Editor: W. A. Petri, Jr.

{dagger} W.D.F. and T.P.S. contributed equally to the manuscript.

Infection and Immunity, September 2008, p. 4332-4344, Vol. 76, No. 9
0019-9567/08/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/IAI.00278-08
Copyright © 2008, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.





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