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Infection and Immunity, January 2009, p. 405-413, Vol. 77, No. 1
0019-9567/09/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/IAI.00860-08
Copyright © 2009, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Live Candida albicans Suppresses Production of Reactive Oxygen Species in Phagocytes{triangledown} ,{dagger}

Melanie Wellington,* Kristy Dolan, and Damian J. Krysan

Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York 14642

Received 11 July 2008/ Returned for modification 18 August 2008/ Accepted 24 October 2008

Production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is an important aspect of phagocyte-mediated host responses. Since phagocytes play a crucial role in the host response to Candida albicans, we examined the ability of Candida to modulate phagocyte ROS production. ROS production was measured in the murine macrophage cell line J774 and in primary phagocytes using luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence. J774 cells, murine polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN), human monocytes, and human PMN treated with live C. albicans produced significantly less ROS than phagocytes treated with heat-killed C. albicans. Live C. albicans also suppressed ROS production in murine bone marrow-derived macrophages from C57BL/6 mice, but not from BALB/c mice. Live C. albicans also suppressed ROS in response to external stimuli. C. albicans and Candida glabrata suppressed ROS production by phagocytes, whereas Saccharomyces cerevisiae stimulated ROS production. The cell wall is the initial point of contact between Candida and phagocytes, but isolated cell walls from both heat-killed and live C. albicans stimulated ROS production. Heat-killed C. albicans has increased surface exposure of 1,3-β-glucan, a cell wall component that can stimulate phagocytes. To determine whether surface 1,3-β-glucan exposure accounted for the difference in ROS production, live C. albicans cells were treated with a sublethal dose of caspofungin to increase surface 1,3-β-glucan exposure. Caspofungin-treated C. albicans was fully able to suppress ROS production, indicating that suppression of ROS overrides stimulatory signals from 1,3-β-glucan. These studies indicate that live C. albicans actively suppresses ROS production in phagocytes in vitro, which may represent an important immune evasion mechanism.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Ave., Box 690, Rochester, NY 14642. Phone: (585) 275-5944. Fax: (585) 273-1104. E-mail: melanie_wellington{at}urmc.rochester.edu

{triangledown} Published ahead of print on 3 November 2008.

{dagger} Supplemental material for this article may be found at http://iai.asm.org/.

Editor: A. Casadevall

Infection and Immunity, January 2009, p. 405-413, Vol. 77, No. 1
0019-9567/09/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/IAI.00860-08
Copyright © 2009, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.





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