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Infection and Immunity, November 2009, p. 5050-5058, Vol. 77, No. 11
0019-9567/09/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/IAI.00667-09
Copyright © 2009, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

The O Antigen Is a Critical Antigen for the Development of a Protective Immune Response to Bordetella parapertussis{triangledown}

Xuqing Zhang,1,2,{dagger} Elizabeth M. Goebel,1,3,{dagger} Maria Eugenia Rodríguez,4 Andrew Preston,5 and Eric T. Harvill1*

Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, 115 Henning Building, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802,1 Graduate Program in Genetics,2 Graduate Program in Immunology and Infectious Diseases, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania,3 CINDEFI (UNLP, CONICET La Plata), School of Science, La Plata University, La Plata, Argentina,4 Department of Clinical Veterinary Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom5

Received 10 June 2009/ Returned for modification 6 August 2009/ Accepted 26 August 2009

Despite excellent vaccine coverage in developed countries, whooping cough is a reemerging disease that can be caused by two closely related pathogens, Bordetella pertussis and B. parapertussis. The two are antigenically distinct, and current vaccines, containing only B. pertussis-derived antigens, confer efficient protection against B. pertussis but not against B. parapertussis. B. pertussis does not express the O antigen, while B. parapertussis retains it as a dominant surface antigen. Since the O antigen is a protective antigen for many pathogenic bacteria, we examined whether this factor is a potential protective antigen for B. parapertussis. In a mouse model of infection, immunization with wild-type B. parapertussis elicited a strong antibody response to the O antigen and conferred efficient protection against a subsequent B. parapertussis challenge. However, immunization with an isogenic mutant lacking the O antigen, B. parapertussis {Delta}wbm, induced antibodies that recognized other antigens but did not efficiently mediate opsonophagocytosis of B. parapertussis. The passive transfer of sera raised against B. parapertussis, but not B. parapertussis {Delta}wbm, reduced B. parapertussis loads in the lower respiratory tracts of mice. The addition of 10 µg of purified B. parapertussis lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which contains the O antigen, but not B. parapertussis {Delta}wbm LPS drastically improved the efficacy of the acellular vaccine Adacel against B. parapertussis. These data suggest that the O antigen is a critical protective antigen of B. parapertussis and its inclusion can substantially improve whooping cough vaccine efficacy against this pathogen.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, 115 Henning Building, University Park, PA 16802. Phone: (814) 863-8522. Fax: (814) 863-6140. E-mail: harvill{at}psu.edu

{triangledown} Published ahead of print on 8 September 2009.

Editor: R. P. Morrison

{dagger} X.Z. and E.M.G. contributed equally to this work.

Infection and Immunity, November 2009, p. 5050-5058, Vol. 77, No. 11
0019-9567/09/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/IAI.00667-09
Copyright © 2009, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.





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