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Infection and Immunity, April 2009, p. 1579-1588, Vol. 77, No. 4
0019-9567/09/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/IAI.01384-08
Copyright © 2009, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Protection from Pneumonic Infection with Burkholderia Species by Inhalational Immunotherapy{triangledown}

Andrew Goodyear,1 Lisa Kellihan,1 Helle Bielefeldt-Ohmann,1,{dagger} Ryan Troyer,1 Katie Propst,1 and Steven Dow1,2*

Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology,1 Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, Colorado 805232

Received 12 November 2008/ Returned for modification 4 December 2008/ Accepted 19 January 2009

Burkholderia mallei and B. pseudomallei are important human pathogens and cause the diseases glanders and melioidosis, respectively. Both organisms are highly infectious when inhaled and are inherently resistant to many antimicrobials, thus making it difficult to treat pneumonic Burkholderia infections. We investigated whether it was possible to achieve rapid protection against inhaled Burkholderia infection by using inhaled immunotherapy. For this purpose, cationic liposome DNA complexes (CLDC), which are potent activators of innate immunity, were used to elicit the activation of pulmonary innate immune responses. We found that mucosal CLDC administration before or shortly after bacterial challenge could generate complete or nearly complete protection from inhalational challenge with 100% lethal doses of B. mallei and B. pseudomallei. Protection was found to be dependent on the CLDC-mediated induction of gamma interferon responses in lung tissues and was partially dependent on the activation of NK cells. However, CLDC-mediated protection was not dependent on the induction of inducible nitric oxide synthase, as assessed by depletion studies. We concluded that the potent local activation of innate immune responses in the lung could be used to elicit rapid and nonspecific protection from aerosol exposure to both B. mallei and B. pseudomallei.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, CO 80523. Phone: (970) 491-6144. Fax: (970) 491-0603. E-mail: sdow{at}colostate.edu

{triangledown} Published ahead of print on 29 January 2009.

Editor: R. P. Morrison

{dagger} Present address: School of Veterinary Science, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia.

Infection and Immunity, April 2009, p. 1579-1588, Vol. 77, No. 4
0019-9567/09/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/IAI.01384-08
Copyright © 2009, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.





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