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Infection and Immunity, July 2009, p. 2849-2856, Vol. 77, No. 7
0019-9567/09/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/IAI.01405-08
Copyright © 2009, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

The Staphylococcus aureus GGDEF Domain-Containing Protein, GdpS, Influences Protein A Gene Expression in a Cyclic Diguanylic Acid-Independent Manner{triangledown}

Fei Shang,1,{dagger} Ting Xue,1,{dagger} Haipeng Sun,1 Lei Xing,2 Shuo Zhang,2 Zhenjun Yang,2 Lihe Zhang,2 and Baolin Sun1*

Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and School of Life Sciences, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China,1 State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100083, China2

Received 17 November 2008/ Returned for modification 7 January 2009/ Accepted 13 April 2009

Staphylococcus aureus is an important human pathogen that is the principal cause of a variety of diseases, ranging from localized skin infections to life-threatening systemic infections. The success of the organism as a pathogen and its ability to cause such a wide range of infections are due to its extensive virulence factors. In this study, we identified the role of the only GGDEF domain protein (GdpS [GGDEF domain protein from Staphylococcus]) in the virulence of S. aureus NCTC8325. Inactivation of gdpS results in an alteration in the production of a range of virulence factors, such as serine and cysteine proteases, fibrinogen-binding proteins, and, specifically, protein A (Spa), a major surface protein of S. aureus. The transcript level of spa decreases eightfold in the gdpS mutant compared with the parental NCTC8325 strain. Furthermore, the transcript level of sarS, which encodes a direct positive regulator of spa, also decreases in the gdpS mutant compared with the wild type, while the transcript levels of agr, sarA, sarT, and rot display no apparent changes in the gdpS mutant, suggesting that GdpS affects the expression of spa through interaction with SarS by unknown mechanisms. Furthermore, the complementation assays show that the influences of GdpS on spa and sarS depend on its N-terminal domain, which is predicted to be the sensor of a two-component system, rather than its C-terminal GGDEF domain with conserved GGDEF, suggesting that GdpS functions in S. aureus by an unknown mechanism independent of 3',5'-cyclic diguanylic acid signaling.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and School of Life Sciences, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China. Phone: (86) 551 360 6748. Fax: (86) 551 360 7438. E-mail: sunb{at}ustc.edu.cn

{triangledown} Published ahead of print on 20 April 2009.

Editor: A. Camilli

{dagger} F. Shang and T. Xue contributed equally to this work.

Infection and Immunity, July 2009, p. 2849-2856, Vol. 77, No. 7
0019-9567/09/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/IAI.01405-08
Copyright © 2009, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.





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