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Infection and Immunity, July 2009, p. 2908-2918, Vol. 77, No. 7
0019-9567/09/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/IAI.01068-08
Copyright © 2009, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Nonhematopoietic Cells Control the Outcome of Infection with Listeria monocytogenes in a Nucleotide Oligomerization Domain 1-Dependent Manner{triangledown}

Ahmed Mosa,1,{dagger} Christian Trumstedt,1,{dagger} Emma Eriksson,1 Oliver Soehnlein,2 Frank Heuts,1 Katrin Janik,3 Andreas Klos,3 Oliver Dittrich-Breiholz,4 Michael Kracht,5 Åsa Hidmark,1 Hans Wigzell,1 and Martin E. Rottenberg1*

Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology,1 Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden,2 Department of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology,3 Department of Biochemistry, Medical School Hannover, Hannover, Germany,4 Rudolf-Buchheim Institute of Pharmacology, Gießen, Germany5

Received 27 August 2008/ Returned for modification 25 October 2008/ Accepted 10 April 2009

We analyzed the defensive role of the cytosolic innate recognition receptor nucleotide oligomerization domain 1 (NOD1) during infection with Listeria monocytogenes. Mice lacking NOD1 showed increased susceptibility to systemic intraperitoneal and intravenous infection with high or low doses of L. monocytogenes, as measured by the bacterial load and survival. NOD1 also controlled dissemination of L. monocytogenes into the brain. The increased susceptibility to reinfection of NOD1–/– mice was not associated with impaired triggering of listeria-specific T cells, and similar levels of costimulatory molecules or activation of dendritic cells was observed. Higher numbers of F480+ Gr1+ inflammatory monocytes and lower numbers of F480– Gr1+ neutrophils were recruited into the peritoneum of infected WT mice than into the peritoneum of infected NOD1–/– mice. We determined that nonhematopoietic cells accounted for NOD1-mediated resistance to L. monocytogenes in bone marrow radiation chimeras. The levels of NOD1 mRNA in fibroblasts and bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMM) were upregulated after infection with L. monocytogenes or stimulation with different Toll-like receptor ligands. NOD1–/– BMM, astrocytes, and fibroblasts all showed enhanced intracellular growth of L monocytogenes compared to WT controls. Gamma interferon-mediated nitric oxide production and inhibition of L. monocytogenes growth were hampered in NOD1–/– BMM. Thus, NOD1 confers nonhematopoietic cell-mediated resistance to infection with L. monocytogenes and controls intracellular bacterial growth in different cell populations in vitro.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Box 280, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden. Phone: 46 8 5248 6711. Fax: 46 8 30 4276. E-mail: Martin.Rottenberg{at}ki.se

{triangledown} Published ahead of print on 27 April 2009.

Editor: J. L. Flynn

{dagger} A.M. and C.T. equally contributed to this study.

Infection and Immunity, July 2009, p. 2908-2918, Vol. 77, No. 7
0019-9567/09/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/IAI.01068-08
Copyright © 2009, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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