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Infection and Immunity, January 2010, p. 32-38, Vol. 78, No. 1
0019-9567/10/$12.00+0     doi:10.1128/IAI.00929-09
Copyright © 2010, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

MINIREVIEW

Precarious Balance: Th17 Cells in Host Defense {triangledown}

Ariana Peck and Elizabeth D. Mellins*

Department of Pediatrics, Division of Immunology and Transplantation Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305

Lineage-specific responses from the effector T-cell repertoire form a critical component of adaptive immunity. The recent identification of Th17 cells—a third, distinct lineage of helper T cells—collapses the long-accepted paradigm in which Th1 and Th2 cells distinctly mediate cellular and humoral immunity, respectively. In this minireview, we discuss the involvement of the Th17 lineage during infection by extracellular bacteria, intracellular bacteria, and fungi. Emerging trends suggest that the Th17 population bridges innate and adaptive immunity to produce a robust antimicrobial inflammatory response. However, because Th17 cells mediate both host defense and pathological inflammation, elucidation of mechanisms that attenuate but do not completely abolish the Th17 response may have powerful implications for therapy.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Pediatrics, Division of Immunology and Transplantation Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305. Phone: (650) 498-7350. Fax: (650) 498-6077. E-mail: mellins{at}stanford.edu

{triangledown} Published ahead of print on 9 November 2009.

Editor: J. B. Kaper

Infection and Immunity, January 2010, p. 32-38, Vol. 78, No. 1
0019-9567/10/$12.00+0     doi:10.1128/IAI.00929-09
Copyright © 2010, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.





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