This Article Full Text (PDF) Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Services Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Reprints and Permissions Copyright Information Books from ASM Press MicrobeWorld Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Ganguly, R. Articles by Waldman, R. H. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Ganguly, R. Articles by Waldman, R. H.

Next Article 

Infect Immun. 1973 October; 8(4): 497-502
Copyright © 1973 American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Rubella Immunization of Volunteers Via the Respiratory Tract

University of Florida, College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida 32601
State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14240

ABSTRACT

The efficacy of various routes of administration of the live attenuated rubella virus vaccine was evaluated by using 46 seronegative volunteers who were divided into 4 vaccine groups: subcutaneous, nosedrops, spray into posterior oropharynx and nose using large particle aerosol, and inhalation of small particle aerosol through the mouth. Seroconversion was observed in all of the vaccinees regardless of route of immunization. Nasal secretion antibody 6 weeks after immunization was highest in the volunteers who received the vaccine by nose drops (all members of this group had demonstrable nasal secretion antibody after immunization). Only half of the volunteers in the subcutaneous group developed demonstrable nasal secretion antibody. This suggests that nasal secretion antibody was best stimulated when vaccine was given directly into the nose. Volunteers were challenged with the vaccine intranasally at 6 to 8 weeks. None of the volunteers exhibited clinical symptoms or fourfold or greater serum antibody rises after challenge, but fourfold or greater nasal secretion antibody rises were observed in three volunteers in the subcutaneous vaccine group and two in the aerosol group, suggesting that those volunteers had not been protected against challenge. Rubella virus was isolated 8 to 12 days after challenge in two persons in the subcutaneous group and three in the aerosol vaccine group, but none in the nose drops or spray groups. Thus, protection after nasal challenge appeared to be best in those groups which also had the best nasal secretion antibody response after immunization. However, protection did not seem to be correlated with either nasal secretion or serum antibody levels.

This article has been cited by other articles:

• Shoemaker, D. R., Saunders, N. B., Brandt, B. L., Moran, E. E., LaClair, A. D., Zollinger, W. D. (2005). Intranasal Delivery of Group B Meningococcal Native Outer Membrane Vesicle Vaccine Induces Local Mucosal and Serum Bactericidal Antibody Responses in Rabbits. Infect. Immun. 73: 5031-5038 [Abstract] [Full Text]