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Infection and Immunity, October 1998, p. 4950-4956, Vol. 66, No. 10
0019-9567/98/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1998, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Biological and Biochemical Characteristics of Cytoadhesion of Plasmodium falciparum-Infected Erythrocytes to Chondroitin-4-Sulfate

Bruno Pouvelle,1,* Thierry Fusaï,2 Catherine Lépolard,1 and Jürg Gysin1

Laboratoire de Parasitologie Expérimentale, Faculté de Médecine, Université de la Méditerranée (Aix-Marseille II), 13385 Marseille Cedex 5,1 and Unité de Parasitologie, IMTSSA, Jardin du Pharo, 13007 Marseille,2 France

Received 11 March 1998/Returned for modification 5 May 1998/Accepted 23 July 1998

The cytoadhesion of Plasmodium falciparum laboratory strains and clones to Saimiri brain microvascular endothelial cells (SBEC 17), with chondroitin-4-sulfate (CSA) as the only adhesion receptor, was tested. Only one strain had significant cytoadhesion. However, CSA-specific infected erythrocytes (IRBCs) were detected in all strains after selection of a CSA-specific subpopulation by culturing the few adherent IRBCs. This demonstrates the lack of sensitivity of cytoadhesion microassays for detecting small quantities of CSA-specific IRBCs in cultures or field isolates. Cytoadhesion to CSA is maximal at 24 h of the cycle and decreases with the onset of schizogony, reaching a minimum just before reinvasion. This fluctuation must be taken into account in comparisons of the cytoadhesion of different strains or isolates. The minimum size of CSA for active inhibition was 4 kDa, and a mass of 9 kDa was required for inhibition similar to that obtained with the 50-kDa CSA. In contrast to cytoadhesion to CSA, which is pH independent or maximal at physiological pH (depending on the target endothelial cells), adhesion to CD36 and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 was pH dependent, requiring acidic conditions to be maximal in all cases. Cytoadhesion to CSA may trigger the occlusion of microvessels and cause the acidosis necessary for the other receptors to be fully efficient. If this key role in the mechanisms of sequestration were to be confirmed in vivo, prevalence studies of the CSA cytoadhesion phenotype would have to be reevaluated, because simple cytoadhesion assays do not detect CSA-specific parasites present in very low numbers, and these parasites might then be undetected in the peripheral blood but present in organs in which sequestration occurs, such as the placenta (M. Fried and P. E. Duffy, Science 272:1502-1504, 1996).

* Corresponding author. Present address: Unité de Parasitologie, IMTSSA, Jardin du Pharo, Boulevard Charles Livon, 13007 Marseille, France. Phone: (4) 91 15 01 10. Fax: (4) 91 59 44 77. E-mail: ygipaly{at}imaginet.fr.

Infection and Immunity, October 1998, p. 4950-4956, Vol. 66, No. 10
0019-9567/98/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1998, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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