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Infection and Immunity, November 1998, p. 5314-5321, Vol. 66, No. 11
0019-9567/98/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1998, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 Induces Nitric Oxide Synthase and Suppresses Growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in a Human Macrophage-Like Cell Line

Kirk A. Rockett,1,* Roger Brookes,2 Irina Udalova,1 Vincent Vidal,1 Adrian V. S. Hill,2 and Dominic Kwiatkowski1

Molecular Infectious Disease Group1 and the Molecular Immunology Group,2 Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom

Received 4 February 1998/Returned for modification 22 April 1998/Accepted 29 July 1998

Inducible synthesis of nitric oxide (NO) by macrophages is an important mechanism of the host defense against intracellular infection in mice, but the evidence for significant levels of inducible NO production by human macrophages is controversial. Here we report that the human promyelocytic cell line HL-60, when differentiated to a macrophage-like phenotype, acquires the ability to produce substantial amounts of NO on stimulation with LPS or 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25-D3) in the absence of activating factors such as gamma interferon. Expression of the inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS2) was confirmed by sequencing of the reverse transcription-PCR product from stimulated HL-60 cells. Kinetic studies after lipopolysaccharide stimulation show that NOS2 mRNA levels rise within 3 to 6 h, that conversion of [14C]arginine to [14C]citrulline is maximal at 5 to 6 days, and that levels of reactive nitrogen intermediates stabilize at around 20 µM at 7 to 8 days. We find that 1,25-D3 acts to suppress the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in these cells and that this effect is inhibited by NG-monomethyl-L-arginine, suggesting that vitamin D-induced NO production may play a role in the host defense against human tuberculosis.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: University Department of Paediatrics, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, United Kingdom. Phone: 1865-221061. Fax: 1865-220479. E-mail: krockett{at}hammer.imm.ox.ac.uk.

Infection and Immunity, November 1998, p. 5314-5321, Vol. 66, No. 11
0019-9567/98/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1998, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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