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Infection and Immunity, November 1998, p. 5587-5591, Vol. 66, No. 11
0019-9567/98/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1998, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Morphological Transition of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis Conidia to Yeast Cells: In Vivo Inhibition in Females

Beatriz H. Aristizabal,1 Karl V. Clemons,2,3 David A. Stevens,2,3,* and Angela Restrepo1

Corporacion para Investigaciones Biologicas, Medellin, Colombia1; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Santa Clara Valley Medical Center and California Institute for Medical Research, San Jose, California 951282; and Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University Medical School, Stanford, California 943053

Received 27 October 1997/Returned for modification 18 December 1997/Accepted 14 August 1998

Clinical paracoccidioidomycosis is 13 times more common in men than in women. Estrogen inhibits the transition of mycelia or conidia (the saprophytic form of Paracoccidoides brasiliensis) to yeasts (the parasitic form) in vitro. Here, we show that, in male mice that were infected intranasally (mimicking natural infection) the transition of conidia in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids to intermediate forms and yeasts occurred over 24 to 96 h; CFU and yeasts (shown by histopathology) increased subsequently. In females, transition did not occur and infection cleared. These events in vivo are consistent with epidemiological and in vitro observations, suggesting that female hormones block transition and are responsible for resistance.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Santa Clara Valley Medical Center, 751 S. Bascom Ave., San Jose, CA 95128-2699. Phone: (408) 885-4313. Fax: (408) 885-4306. E-mail: stevens{at}leland.stanford.edu.

Infection and Immunity, November 1998, p. 5587-5591, Vol. 66, No. 11
0019-9567/98/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1998, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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Copyright © 1998 by the American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.