This Article
Right arrow Full Text
Right arrow Full Text (PDF)
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Services
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrowReprints and Permissions
Right arrow Copyright Information
Right arrow Books from ASM Press
Right arrow MicrobeWorld
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via HighWire
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Chang, Y. C.
Right arrow Articles by Kwon-Chung, K. J.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Chang, Y. C.
Right arrow Articles by Kwon-Chung, K. J.

 Previous Article  |  Next Article 

Infect Immun, May 1998, p. 2230-2236, Vol. 66, No. 5
0019-9567/98/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1998, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Isolation of the Third Capsule-Associated Gene, CAP60, Required for Virulence in Cryptococcus neoformans

Y. C. Chang and K. J. Kwon-Chung*

Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892

Received 14 November 1997/Returned for modification 17 December 1997/Accepted 18 February 1998

A polysaccharide capsule is one of the most important virulence factors for the pathogenic fungus Cryptococcus neoformans. We previously characterized two capsule-associated genes, CAP59 and CAP64. To further dissect the molecular mechanism of capsule synthesis, 16 acapsular mutants induced by 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide were obtained. The acapsular phenotype of one of these mutants was complemented. The cloned gene was designated CAP60, and deletion of this newly described capsule-associated gene resulted in an acapsular phenotype. The proposed 67-kDa Cap60p contains 592 amino acids and appears to have a putative transmembrane domain close to the N terminus. DNA sequence analysis revealed that CAP60 has similarity to CAP59 at the center portion of its coding regions. Contour-clamped homogeneous electric field blot analysis suggested that these two genes are on the same chromosome. CAP60 and CAP59, however, could not be functionally substituted for each other by direct complementation or by domain swap experiments. In addition, CAP60 is closely linked to a gene which is similar to a cellulose growth-specific gene of Agaricus bisporus, CEL1. Immunogold electron microscopy studies of the epitope-tagged CAP60 gene revealed that Cap60p was primarily localized to the nuclear membrane. Animal model studies indicated that CAP60 is essential for virulence. Thus, CAP60 is required for both capsule formation and virulence.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: LCI, NIAID, Building 10, Room 11C304, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892. Phone: (301) 496-1602. Fax: (301) 480-0050. E-mail: June_Kwon-chung{at}nih.gov.

Infect Immun, May 1998, p. 2230-2236, Vol. 66, No. 5
0019-9567/98/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1998, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


This article has been cited by other articles:

  • Price, P., Murdoch, D. M., Agarwal, U., Lewin, S. R., Elliott, J. H., French, M. A. (2009). Immune Restoration Diseases Reflect Diverse Immunopathological Mechanisms. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 22: 651-663 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Fonseca, F. L., Nimrichter, L., Cordero, R. J. B., Frases, S., Rodrigues, J., Goldman, D. L., Andruszkiewicz, R., Milewski, S., Travassos, L. R., Casadevall, A., Rodrigues, M. L. (2009). Role for Chitin and Chitooligomers in the Capsular Architecture of Cryptococcus neoformans. Eukaryot Cell 8: 1543-1553 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Grijpstra, J., Gerwig, G. J., Wosten, H., Kamerling, J. P., de Cock, H. (2009). Production of Extracellular Polysaccharides by CAP Mutants of Cryptococcus neoformans. Eukaryot Cell 8: 1165-1173 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Ko, Y.-J., Yu, Y. M., Kim, G.-B., Lee, G.-W., Maeng, P. J., Kim, S., Floyd, A., Heitman, J., Bahn, Y.-S. (2009). Remodeling of Global Transcription Patterns of Cryptococcus neoformans Genes Mediated by the Stress-Activated HOG Signaling Pathways. Eukaryot Cell 8: 1197-1217 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Robertson, E. J., Casadevall, A. (2009). Antibody-Mediated Immobilization of Cryptococcus neoformans Promotes Biofilm Formation. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 75: 2528-2533 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Botts, M. R., Giles, S. S., Gates, M. A., Kozel, T. R., Hull, C. M. (2009). Isolation and Characterization of Cryptococcus neoformans Spores Reveal a Critical Role for Capsule Biosynthesis Genes in Spore Biogenesis. Eukaryot Cell 8: 595-605 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Jong, A., Wu, C.-H., Chen, H.-M., Luo, F., Kwon-Chung, K. J., Chang, Y. C., LaMunyon, C. W., Plaas, A., Huang, S.-H. (2007). Identification and Characterization of CPS1 as a Hyaluronic Acid Synthase Contributing to the Pathogenesis of Cryptococcus neoformans Infection. Eukaryot Cell 6: 1486-1496 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Klutts, J. S., Levery, S. B., Doering, T. L. (2007). A beta-1,2-Xylosyltransferase from Cryptococcus neoformans Defines a New Family of Glycosyltransferases. J. Biol. Chem. 282: 17890-17899 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Liu, O. W., Kelly, M. J. S., Chow, E. D., Madhani, H. D. (2007). Parallel {beta}-Helix Proteins Required for Accurate Capsule Polysaccharide Synthesis and Virulence in the Yeast Cryptococcus neoformans. Eukaryot Cell 6: 630-640 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Varma, A., Wu, S., Guo, N., Liao, W., Lu, G., Li, A., Hu, Y., Bulmer, G., Kwon-Chung, K. J. (2006). Identification of a novel gene, URE2, that functionally complements a urease-negative clinical strain of Cryptococcus neoformans. Microbiology 152: 3723-3731 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Yoneda, A., Doering, T. L. (2006). A Eukaryotic Capsular Polysaccharide Is Synthesized Intracellularly and Secreted via Exocytosis. Mol. Biol. Cell 17: 5131-5140 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Walton, F. J., Heitman, J., Idnurm, A. (2006). Conserved Elements of the RAM Signaling Pathway Establish Cell Polarity in the Basidiomycete Cryptococcus neoformans in a Divergent Fashion from Other Fungi. Mol. Biol. Cell 17: 3768-3780 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Clancy, C. J., Nguyen, M. H., Alandoerffer, R., Cheng, S., Iczkowski, K., Richardson, M., Graybill, J. R. (2006). Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii isolates recovered from persons with AIDS demonstrate a wide range of virulence during murine meningoencephalitis that correlates with the expression of certain virulence factors.. Microbiology 152: 2247-2255 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Chang, Y. C., Jong, A., Huang, S., Zerfas, P., Kwon-Chung, K. J. (2006). CPS1, a Homolog of the Streptococcus pneumoniae Type 3 Polysaccharide Synthase Gene, Is Important for the Pathobiology of Cryptococcus neoformans. Infect. Immun. 74: 3930-3938 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Sanguinetti, M., Posteraro, B., La Sorda, M., Torelli, R., Fiori, B., Santangelo, R., Delogu, G., Fadda, G. (2006). Role of AFR1, an ABC Transporter-Encoding Gene, in the In Vivo Response to Fluconazole and Virulence of Cryptococcus neoformans. Infect. Immun. 74: 1352-1359 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Mylonakis, E., Moreno, R., El Khoury, J. B., Idnurm, A., Heitman, J., Calderwood, S. B., Ausubel, F. M., Diener, A. (2005). Galleria mellonella as a Model System To Study Cryptococcus neoformans Pathogenesis. Infect. Immun. 73: 3842-3850 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Charlier, C., Chretien, F., Baudrimont, M., Mordelet, E., Lortholary, O., Dromer, F. (2005). Capsule Structure Changes Associated with Cryptococcus neoformans Crossing of the Blood-Brain Barrier. Am. J. Pathol. 166: 421-432 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Pukkila-Worley, R., Gerrald, Q. D., Kraus, P. R., Boily, M.-J., Davis, M. J., Giles, S. S., Cox, G. M., Heitman, J., Alspaugh, J. A. (2005). Transcriptional Network of Multiple Capsule and Melanin Genes Governed by the Cryptococcus neoformans Cyclic AMP Cascade. Eukaryot Cell 4: 190-201 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Moyrand, F., Chang, Y. C., Himmelreich, U., Kwon-Chung, K. J., Janbon, G. (2004). Cas3p Belongs to a Seven-Member Family of Capsule Structure Designer Proteins. Eukaryot Cell 3: 1513-1524 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Moyrand, F., Janbon, G. (2004). UGD1, Encoding the Cryptococcus neoformans UDP-Glucose Dehydrogenase, Is Essential for Growth at 37{degrees}C and for Capsule Biosynthesis. Eukaryot Cell 3: 1601-1608 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Chang, Y. C., Stins, M. F., McCaffery, M. J., Miller, G. F., Pare, D. R., Dam, T., Paul-Satyasee, M., Kim, K. S., Kwon-Chung, K. J. (2004). Cryptococcal Yeast Cells Invade the Central Nervous System via Transcellular Penetration of the Blood-Brain Barrier. Infect. Immun. 72: 4985-4995 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Marra, R. E., Huang, J. C., Fung, E., Nielsen, K., Heitman, J., Vilgalys, R., Mitchell, T. G. (2004). A Genetic Linkage Map of Cryptococcus neoformans variety neoformans Serotype D (Filobasidiella neoformans). Genetics 167: 619-631 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Garcia-Rivera, J., Chang, Y. C., Kwon-Chung, K. J., Casadevall, A. (2004). Cryptococcus neoformans CAP59 (or Cap59p) Is Involved in the Extracellular Trafficking of Capsular Glucuronoxylomannan. Eukaryot Cell 3: 385-392 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Woyke, T., Berens, M. E., Hoelzinger, D. B., Pettit, G. R., Winkelmann, G., Pettit, R. K. (2004). Differential Gene Expression in Auristatin PHE-Treated Cryptococcus neoformans. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 48: 561-567 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Sommer, U., Liu, H., Doering, T. L. (2003). An {alpha}-1,3-Mannosyltransferase of Cryptococcus neoformans. J. Biol. Chem. 278: 47724-47730 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Chen, S. H. M., Stins, M. F., Huang, S.-H., Chen, Y. H., Kwon-Chung, K. J., Chang, Y., Kim, K. S., Suzuki, K., Jong, A. Y. (2003). Cryptococcus neoformans induces alterations in the cytoskeleton of human brain microvascular endothelial cells. J Med Microbiol 52: 961-970 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Bose, I., Reese, A. J., Ory, J. J., Janbon, G., Doering, T. L. (2003). A Yeast under Cover: the Capsule of Cryptococcus neoformans. Eukaryot Cell 2: 655-663 [Full Text]  
  • Chung, S., Mondon, P., Chang, Y. C., Kwon-Chung, K. J. (2003). Cryptococcus neoformans with a Mutation in the Tetratricopeptide Repeat-Containing Gene, CCN1, Causes Subcutaneous Lesions but Fails To Cause Systemic Infection. Infect. Immun. 71: 1988-1994 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Rude, T. H., Toffaletti, D. L., Cox, G. M., Perfect, J. R. (2002). Relationship of the Glyoxylate Pathway to the Pathogenesis of Cryptococcus neoformans. Infect. Immun. 70: 5684-5694 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Steen, B. R., Lian, T., Zuyderduyn, S., MacDonald, W. K., Marra, M., Jones, S. J.M., Kronstad, J. W. (2002). Temperature-Regulated Transcription in the Pathogenic Fungus Cryptococcus neoformans. Genome Res 12: 1386-1400 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Chung, S., Karos, M., Chang, Y. C., Lukszo, J., Wickes, B. L., Kwon-Chung, K. J. (2002). Molecular Analysis of CPR{alpha}, a MAT{alpha}-Specific Pheromone Receptor Gene of Cryptococcus neoformans. Eukaryot Cell 1: 432-439 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Ma, L. L., Mody, C. H. (2002). When There Is a Fungus Among Us, What Makes it Virulent?. Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Bio. 26: 273-276 [Full Text]  
  • Alspaugh, J. A., Pukkila-Worley, R., Harashima, T., Cavallo, L. M., Funnell, D., Cox, G. M., Perfect, J. R., Kronstad, J. W., Heitman, J. (2002). Adenylyl Cyclase Functions Downstream of the G{alpha} Protein Gpa1 and Controls Mating and Pathogenicity of Cryptococcus neoformans. Eukaryot Cell 1: 75-84 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Petter, R., Kang, B. S., Boekhout, T., Davis, B. J., Kwon-Chung, K. J. (2001). A survey of heterobasidiomycetous yeasts for the presence of the genes homologous to virulence factors of Filobasidiella neoformans, CNLAC1 and CAP59. Microbiology 147: 2029-2036 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Nelson, R. T., Hua, J., Pryor, B., Lodge, J. K. (2001). Identification of Virulence Mutants of the Fungal Pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans Using Signature-Tagged Mutagenesis. Genetics 157: 935-947 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Chang, Y. C., Penoyer, L. A., Kwon-Chung, K. J. (2001). The second STE12 homologue of Cryptococcus neoformans is MATa-specific and plays an important role in virulence. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 10.1073/pnas.061031998v1 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Lengeler, K. B., Davidson, R. C., D'souza, C., Harashima, T., Shen, W.-C., Wang, P., Pan, X., Waugh, M., Heitman, J. (2000). Signal Transduction Cascades Regulating Fungal Development and Virulence. Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev. 64: 746-785 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Chang, Y.C., Wickes, B.L., Miller, G.F., Penoyer, L.A., Kwon-Chung, K.J. (2000). Cryptococcus neoformans STE12{alpha} Regulates Virulence but Is Not Essential for Mating. JEM 191: 871-882 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Cox, G. M., Mukherjee, J., Cole, G. T., Casadevall, A., Perfect, J. R. (2000). Urease as a Virulence Factor in Experimental Cryptococcosis. Infect. Immun. 68: 443-448 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Cruz, M. C., Sia, R. A. L., Olson, M., Cox, G. M., Heitman, J. (2000). Comparison of the Roles of Calcineurin in Physiology and Virulence in Serotype D and Serotype A Strains of Cryptococcus neoformans. Infect. Immun. 68: 982-985 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Chang, Y. C., Kwon-Chung, K. J. (1999). Isolation, Characterization, and Localization of a Capsule-Associated Gene, CAP10, of Cryptococcus neoformans. J. Bacteriol. 181: 5636-5643 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Doering, T. L. (1999). A Unique alpha -1,3 Mannosyltransferase of the Pathogenic Fungus Cryptococcus neoformans. J. Bacteriol. 181: 5482-5488 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Chang, Y. C., Penoyer, L. A., Kwon-Chung, K. J. (2001). The second STE12 homologue of Cryptococcus neoformans is MATa-specific and plays an important role in virulence. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 98: 3258-3263 [Abstract] [Full Text]  


Copyright © 2009 by the American Society for Microbiology.   For an alternate route to Journals.ASM.org, visit: http://intl-journals.asm.org | More Info»