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Infection and Immunity, February 1999, p. 520-526, Vol. 67, No. 2
0019-9567/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Receptor-Dependent Immune Responses in Pigs after Oral Immunization with F4 Fimbriae

Wim Van den Broeck,1,* Eric Cox,1 and Bruno M. Goddeeris1,2

Laboratory of Veterinary Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiteit Gent, B-9820 Merelbeke,1 and Laboratory of Physiology and Immunology of Domestic Animals, Faculty of Agricultural and Applied Biological Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, B-3001 Heverlee,2 Belgium

Received 5 June 1998/Returned for modification 18 August 1998/Accepted 20 October 1998

F4 receptor-positive (F4R+) and F4 receptor-negative (F4R-) pigs were orally vaccinated with purified F4 fimbriae of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC). Serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgA responses were readily detected in F4R+ animals, whereas immune responses were not detected in F4R- animals. Even after a subsequent oral infection with virulent F4+ ETEC and a booster immunization with F4, the F4R- animals remained F4 seronegative whereas the unvaccinated F4R+ pigs exhibited clear IgA and IgG responses. These results clearly demonstrate that F4Rs are a prerequisite for an immune response following oral immunization. Furthermore, indications that oral F4 vaccination can induce mucosal protection were obtained, since the experimental ETEC infection did not induce a systemic booster response or fecal ETEC excretion in orally vaccinated F4R+ pigs, in contrast to the clear immune response and ETEC excretion of unvaccinated F4R+ animals. F4-specific IgA antibodies could be found in the feces of the vaccinated F4R+ pigs. They are secreted at the intestinal mucosal surface and appear to prevent ETEC infection. The F4R-dependent induction of a mucosal immune response can be used as a model to better understand mucosal immunization and mucosal immune responses and can contribute to the development of oral vaccines in veterinary as well as in human medicine.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Laboratory of Veterinary Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiteit Gent, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium. Phone: 32 9/264 73 98. Fax: 32 9/264 74 96. E-mail: wim.vandenbroeck{at}rug.ac.be.

Infection and Immunity, February 1999, p. 520-526, Vol. 67, No. 2
0019-9567/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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