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Infection and Immunity, March 1999, p. 1116-1124, Vol. 67, No. 3
0019-9567/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Evolutionary Relationships of Pathogenic Clones of Vibrio cholerae by Sequence Analysis of Four Housekeeping Genes

Roy Byun, Liam D. H. Elbourne, Ruiting Lan, and Peter R. Reeves*

Department of Microbiology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia

Received 17 July 1998/Returned for modification 6 October 1998/Accepted 10 December 1998

Studies of the Vibrio cholerae population, using molecular typing techniques, have shown the existence of several pathogenic clones, mainly sixth-pandemic, seventh-pandemic, and U.S. Gulf Coast clones. However, the relationship of the pathogenic clones to environmental V. cholerae isolates remains unclear. A previous study to determine the phylogeny of V. cholerae by sequencing the asd (aspartate semialdehyde dehydrogenase) gene of V. cholerae showed that the sixth-pandemic, seventh-pandemic, and U.S. Gulf Coast clones had very different asd sequences which fell into separate lineages in the V. cholerae population. As gene trees drawn from a single gene may not reflect the true topology of the population, we sequenced the mdh (malate dehydrogenase) and hlyA (hemolysin A) genes from representatives of environmental and clinical isolates of V. cholerae and found that the mdh and hlyA sequences from the three pathogenic clones were identical, except for the previously reported 11-bp deletion in hlyA in the sixth-pandemic clone. Identical sequences were obtained, despite average nucleotide differences in the mdh and hlyA genes of 1.52 and 3.25%, respectively, among all the isolates, suggesting that the three pathogenic clones are closely related. To extend these observations, segments of the recA and dnaE genes were sequenced from a selection of the pathogenic isolates, where the sequences were either identical or substantially different between the clones. The results show that the three pathogenic clones are very closely related and that there has been a high level of recombination in their evolution.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Microbiology (GO8), The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia. Phone: (61)(2) 9351 2536. Fax: (61)(2) 9351 4571. E-mail: reeves{at}angis.usyd.edu.au.

Infection and Immunity, March 1999, p. 1116-1124, Vol. 67, No. 3
0019-9567/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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