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Infection and Immunity, March 1999, p. 1139-1148, Vol. 67, No. 3
0019-9567/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Vibrio parahaemolyticus Thermostable Direct Hemolysin Modulates Cytoskeletal Organization and Calcium Homeostasis in Intestinal Cultured Cells

Alessia Fabbri,1 Loredana Falzano,1 Claudio Frank,2 Gianfranco Donelli,1 Paola Matarrese,1 Francesco Raimondi,3 Alessio Fasano,4 and Carla Fiorentini1,*

Department of Ultrastructures,1 Department of Pharmacology,2 Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, and University "Federico II," Naples,3 Italy, and Gastrointestinal Section, Center for Vaccine Development, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland4

Received 14 October 1998/Accepted 23 November 1998

Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a marine bacterium known to be the leading cause of seafood gastroenteritis worldwide. A 46-kDa homodimer protein secreted by this microorganism, the thermostable direct hemolysin (TDH), is considered a major virulence factor involved in bacterial pathogenesis since a high percentage of strains of clinical origin are positive for TDH production. TDH is a pore-forming toxin, and its most extensively studied effect is the ability to cause hemolysis of erythrocytes from different mammalian species. Moreover, TDH induces in a variety of cells cytotoxic effects consisting mainly of cell degeneration which often leads to loss of viability. In this work, we examined the cellular changes induced by TDH in monolayers of IEC-6 cells (derived from the rat crypt small intestine), which represent a useful cell model for studying toxins from enteric bacteria. In experimental conditions allowing cell survival, TDH induces a rapid transient increase in intracellular calcium as well as a significant though reversible decreased rate of progression through the cell cycle. The morphological changes seem to be dependent on the organization of the microtubular network, which appears to be the preferential cytoskeletal element involved in the cellular response to the toxin.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Ultrastructures, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy. Phone: 39-06-49903006. Fax: 39-06-49387140. E-mail: carla.fiorentini{at}iss.it.

Infection and Immunity, March 1999, p. 1139-1148, Vol. 67, No. 3
0019-9567/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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